Foreword:
Maintenance work, inevitably into limited space, such as storage tanks, vehicle tanks, reaction towers (tanks), refrigerators, pressure vessels, pipelines, flue, boilers, etc., as well as dark trenches, tunnels, culverts, pits, waste Wells, mantles, sewage pools (wells), biogas tanks, septic tanks, sewers, etc.
What are the hazards in these places?
Poor ventilation, easy to cause accumulation of toxic and flammable gases and lack of oxygen; this feature is the main cause of death in limited space. Some limited spaces and complex internal structures are also one of the causes of accidents.
Why is a limited space prone to death?
1. The operator is unfamiliar with the concept of limited space, so that the danger of the corresponding space cannot be recognized at all, which is the root cause of the high incidence of limited space accidents;
2. The lack of relevant knowledge of guardian and rescue personnel is the main cause of the high number of deaths caused by the corresponding accidents. It is often the case that one person has an accident in a limited space, and several rescue workers are killed during the rescue;
3. The lack of applicable rescue equipment is also the cause of the high mortality rate of the corresponding operators.
An old security person who has been engaged in safe work for decades, summed up the following 20 articles in limited space operations, which is convenient for everyone to memorize and hope to be useful to everyone!
Safety measures in equipment containers |
1 Personnel entering the equipment container should wear labor protection articles.  2 Personnel engaged in the operation of equipment containers must strictly abide by the relevant provisions of the safety technical operating procedures of this type of work.  3 Reliable safety isolation measures should be taken for pipes and holes that need to enter the equipment container to communicate with the outside world. The so-called safety isolation measures refer to the connection of pipes and holes on the equipment container to the outside world by means of adding blind plates or removing a section of pipes to be disconnected. It is strictly forbidden to use water seals or close valves to replace blinding or disconnecting pipes. At the same time, the power supply connected to the outside of the equipment container should be cut off effectively. The blind plate used for safety isolation shall pass the inspection, and the high-pressure blind plate shall be used after being qualified for non-destructive testing. For the effective disconnection of the power supply, it is usually necessary to lock the switch after pulling the switch from the power switch, or remove the fuse after the fuse is disconnected from the power switch. After confirming that there is no power, add the warning sign "Someone works, prohibits closing" .  4 Open all access holes on the equipment container that you need to enter, perform natural ventilation or mechanical ventilation to keep the air in the equipment container well. When using ducted air to supply air, the air source in the ventilation duct must be analyzed and confirmed before ventilation to ensure that the air content of the ventilation source is between 18% and €21%. The wind source does not contain any toxic and harmful medium. And dust, but do not pass oxygen or oxygen-enriched air into the equipment container being operated.   5 The equipment container that needs to enter must be cleaned and replaced before the operator enters, so that the concentration of toxic and harmful gases in the equipment container meets the standard, and the oxygen content should be 18% € 21%; flammable gas concentration Should meet the standards for hot work.     6 The operator must sample and analyze the gas in the equipment container to be entered by the safety analyst 30 minutes before entering the equipment container. The analysis result should be signed by the analyst on the safety permit. After the analysis is passed, the operator Accessible. When collecting the gas sample in the equipment container, the analyst should pay attention to the representative gas sample to be collected. That is, when collecting the gas sample, it is necessary to pay attention to the sampling evenly. Do not stay in one place to collect the gas sample, and also pay attention to the catheter when collecting the gas sample. The depth of the insertion.  7 The lighting voltage required for operation in the equipment container shall be 36V. When operating in a wet equipment container on the inner wall or in a metal equipment container and a narrow equipment container, a safe voltage of 12V shall be used.   8 When working with hand-held power tools that exceed the safe voltage, such as electric drills, electric grinding wheels, etc., the leakage protector must be equipped as required.    9 The safety voltage and the power supply line of the hand-held power tool should be made of soft rubber copper wire. There should be no joints in the middle to ensure good insulation of the line. The temporary power supply device should be erected according to regulations. Rain and water leaks. Temporary electrical equipment should be removed immediately after use. The operation of erecting and dismantling the power supply device shall be carried out by an electrical professional with an electrical operation qualification certificate. It is strictly forbidden to install and disassemble the power supply device at will to prevent accidents.      10 If it is necessary to work in a large-capacity equipment container, such as a large spherical tank or gas cabinet, a scaffold or a safety platform should be set up in the equipment container, and a safety ladder should be provided in and out of the equipment container. In this case, the operation should be taken. Measures to avoid the mutual injury of the workers, if there is vertical cross-over work, it is necessary to set measures to prevent the workers from falling between the layers. During the operation, the operator must not throw materials, tools, etc. in the equipment container. In this situation, the operator should use the safety rope to cover the waist with the guards outside the equipment container to prevent accidents.      11 When working inside the equipment container, there must be a special person outside the equipment container for monitoring. The operator should contact the guardian to get a unified signal before entering the equipment container to prevent first aid. The guardian must not leave the position during the supervision process. When the guardian performs rescue on the workers in the equipment container, the guardian must first do his or her own safety protection and enter the equipment container to carry out the rescue.      12 If the operator finds abnormality in the equipment container or feels uncomfortable during the operation, he should stop the operation immediately and withdraw it from the equipment container in time. After the treatment, re-collect the gas sample in the equipment container. Can be re-entered.      13 If the fire is carried out in the equipment container, before entering the equipment container, you need to go through the "Fire Work Safety License" and conduct a hot fire analysis. After the hot fire analysis is passed, you can move in the equipment container. Fire work. At the same time, all provisions of the hot work safety regulations should be observed.    14 If you are working in a high position in the equipment container, you must also go through the “High Safety Operation Permit†before entering the equipment container, and comply with all the regulations in the high safety regulations.     15 After the equipment container has been cleaned and replaced several times, it still fails to meet the qualification standards after analysis, but it must enter the equipment container. At this time, corresponding safety protection measures must be taken. If the oxygen content in the equipment container is less than 18%, or the toxic and harmful gas in the air in the equipment container exceeds the allowable concentration of industrial hygiene, the operator should wear an isolated positive pressure gas mask.  16 When it is possible to resolve the flammable gas in the residue that is difficult to clean on the inner wall and bottom of the equipment container, the lighting device in the equipment container should use explosion-proof low-pressure safety lamps and tools such as copper-rhenium alloys that do not generate sparks to prevent electric sparks or The spark generated by the impact of the tool causes a fire or explosion. Workers must not wear chemical fiber fabrics to prevent static sparks from causing fire or explosion.     17 If it is necessary to apply volatile solvent or paint on the inner wall of the equipment container, in addition to reliable ventilation measures, the frequency of gas analysis should be increased. The operator should wear a filter or isolated gas mask according to the actual situation. .   18 It is strictly forbidden to operate in a higher iron tower under lightning weather conditions to prevent lightning from being injured when the tower is flowing into the earth.      19 If the unit is to monitor the liquid level in the equipment container and the radioactive device is installed outside the equipment container, the operator must remove the radioactive device into a safe place before entering the equipment container, or carry out the radioactive device. Effective isolation shielding to ensure that workers in the equipment container are protected from radiation.      20 After the operation is completed, the operator should bring all the items such as the tools and tools that are carried out during the operation out of the equipment container, and do not leave them in the equipment container, and then bring them back again when they enter the equipment container again.  |
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