1. Technical Overview: Rice three-control fertilization technology is a new fertilization technology with high yield and stability, cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness and enhanced rice safety. This technology combines soil testing with seedling measurement and coordinates the relationship between high yield, high efficiency, safety and environmental protection. It has three major advantages: First, high production and stable production, increase production and income. Generally, the yield is increased by 5%~10%, the lodging is greatly reduced, the resistance is strong, and the stability is good. The second is to save fertilizer and save medicine, safety and environmental protection. It can save about 20% of nitrogen fertilizer, increase nitrogen utilization rate by 10%, reduce non-point source pollution of nitrogen fertilizer, reduce pests and diseases, and can kill pesticides 1~3 times, which is conducive to rice food safety. The third is simple and practical, and has wide adaptability. As long as farmers follow the technical regulations, they can obtain a stable increase in production and income, and the number of fertilization is generally reduced. It can be applied under different varieties, different soils and climatic conditions, and the effect is stable.
2. Technical points:
(1) Total nitrogen fertilizer control: The total nitrogen application rate is determined according to the target yield and the yield of no nitrogen application area. Based on the output of the blank area, about 5 kg of nitrogen is applied for each 100 kg of rice. The production in the blank area can be determined experimentally and can also be estimated through surveys. Target yield is determined by conditions such as variety, soil and climate.
(2) Staged regulation of nitrogen fertilizer: After the total nitrogen application rate is determined, according to the base fertilizer, it accounts for 35%~40%, and the middle stage of tillering (the intermediate point of transplanting to ear differentiation, generally 12~17 days after transplanting) accounts for 20%. About 100%, the initial stage of young panicle differentiation accounts for 35%~40%, and the heading period accounts for 5%~10%. The nitrogen application rate at each stage is determined, and the leaf color is adjusted appropriately before topdressing. The biggest feature of this technology is “the shift of nitrogen fertilizerâ€, which greatly reduces the proportion of base fertilizer and tiller fertilizer, reduces the number of indifferent tillers, and focuses on large spikes on the premise of ensuring the number of spikes to improve the seed setting rate.
(3) Application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer: a method of constant monitoring is adopted. On the basis of the yield of no-fertilization blank area, for every 100 kg of rice produced, it is necessary to increase the application of phosphate fertilizer (in terms of P2O5) 2~3 kg, and increase the application of potash fertilizer (in K2O) 4~5 kg. In the absence of blank area production data, the application amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be determined according to the ratio of N:P2O5:K2O=1:0.2~0.4:0.8~1. Phosphate fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer is applied in half at the tillering stage and the beginning of ear differentiation.
(4) Other supporting technologies: a. Reasonable close planting to ensure the basic number of seedlings. About 18,000 holes are planted or planted per acre, the number of basic seedlings of hybrid rice reaches 30,000, and the number of conventional rice reaches 60,000. b, timely control of seedlings. When the number of stems reached 80% of the target number of panicles, the field was started and the control was ineffective. But don't re-sink the field. c. Control pests and diseases. In rice fields with three-control fertilization techniques, pests such as sheath blight, rice leaf roller, rice planthopper, etc. are less harmful, and pesticides may be applied less than one to three times as appropriate. Others are the same as existing customary techniques.
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