Forging is a manufacturing process that involves shaping metal using localised compressive forces. It is one of the oldest known metalworking processes, traditionally performed by a blacksmith with a hammer and anvil. Nowadays, this technique is carried out using powered equipment such as hydraulic presses, hammer mills, or forge presses, which exert much higher forces and are capable of producing more complex shapes and finer details.
Its process can be categorised into three main types:
1. Cold Forging
Performed at or near room temperature, which increases the strength of the metal through work hardening. It is typically used for smaller parts and can produce a high surface finish and excellent dimensional control.
2. Warm Forging
Carried out at temperatures between room temperature and about half the metal`s melting point. This process offers a good balance between the ease of shaping and the final properties of the metal, making it suitable for parts requiring moderate strength and precision.
3. Hot Forging
Performed at temperatures above the metal`s recrystallisation temperature. This method allows for the shaping of large and complex parts, as the high temperatures increase metal ductility and reduce resistance to deformation. Hot forging is commonly used for steel, aluminium, and brass.
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