How is the dual prevention mechanism? 20 questions and answers to understand the dual prevention mechanism!

April 28, 2016, the State Security commissioned issued the "root causes curb serious accidents Work Guide", the same year on October 9, has issued the "Opinions curb serious accidents guide the work of building a dual preventive mechanism."

To help readers better understand the core ideas and main contents of the dual prevention mechanism, the newspaper invited experts from the National Security Supervision Research Center, China Academy of Safety Production and Beijing Anrui International Risk Management Co., Ltd. to sum up related issues. 20 issues for building dual prevention mechanisms .

1. Why should we propose to construct a dual prevention mechanism?

A: The serious and serious accidents that have occurred in recent years have exposed the current problem of “unclear and unimaginable” in the field of safety production. In response to this situation, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out many times that in the industrial areas where major accidents are prone to major accidents, safety risks should be built into accounts one by one, and risk-level management and control, hidden trouble-shooting and preventive dual working mechanisms should be adopted, and new situations and unexpected situations should be encountered. The problems are thought. The establishment of a dual prevention mechanism is aimed at the prominent problem of “unclear and unimaginable” in the field of safety production, emphasizing the advancement of the safety production frontier, moving from hidden trouble investigation and management to safety risk management and control. It is necessary to strengthen risk awareness, analyze the entire chain of accidents, take preventive measures in light of key links, prevent failures in the management and control of security risks from becoming hidden accidents, discovering hidden troubles, and managing the accidents.

2. What are the basic working ideas of the dual prevention mechanism?

A: Popularly, the dual prevention mechanism is to construct two firewalls to prevent production safety accidents. The first is management risk. Based on the identification and control of safety risks, the system identifies risks at the source, classifies and controls risks, strives to control all risks within an acceptable range, and eliminates and reduces potential hazards; the second is governance. Hidden Trouble, using hidden investigations and governance as a means, carefully investigate the missing links, loopholes, and risk control failures in the process of risk management and control, and resolutely eliminate hidden dangers before accidents occur. It can be said that the management of security risks in place will not create hidden accidents. Once a hidden problem is discovered, timely management will not result in an accident. We must adopt a dual prevention mechanism to effectively control each type of risk within an acceptable range. A hidden danger is at the beginning of its formation, and every accident is eliminated in the bud.

3. How does the dual prevention mechanism play a role in curbing heavy accidents?

A: The dual prevention mechanism focuses on the effective management and control of security risks. It focuses on the investigation and management of hidden accidents. It is a normal operation and safety production management system that can effectively improve the overall pre-control ability of safety production, and solidly curb the work basis of serious accidents. . Based on the occurrence mechanism of major accidents, starting with major hazard sources, personnel exposure and weak links in management, according to the problem-oriented, adhere to major risk management and control; aiming at the formation process of major and serious accidents; Targeted prevention against the occurrence of major accidents.

4. What are the principles for establishing a dual prevention mechanism?

A: First, we must adhere to the principle of risk priority. Taking risk management and control as the main line, comprehensive assessment risk assessment and strict management and control risks are regarded as the first line of defense in production safety, and the outstanding issues of “unclear and unimaginable” are effectively solved. Second, we must adhere to systematic principles. From the four aspects of human, machine, ring, and management, from the two lines of risk control and hidden danger management, the company conducts work from the entire process of the company's production and operation, and the entire life cycle. It strives to manage risks and control them before hidden dangers and trouble spots. Before the accident. Third, we must adhere to the principle of full participation. Decompose the responsibility for the construction of the dual prevention mechanism into the leadership of each level of the company, various business departments and each specific job position to ensure that the responsibility is clear. Fourth, we must adhere to the principle of continuous improvement. We continued to carry out risk management, control, and updating, and continued to carry out investigations and management of hidden dangers. We have continued to deepen and deepen the dual prevention mechanism and promote the continuous improvement of the level of mechanism construction.

5. What is the goal of the establishment of a dual prevention mechanism?

A: The establishment of a dual prevention mechanism is to form an ideological consensus that effectively controls risk, investigates and manages hidden dangers, and prevents and curbs major accidents in the entire society. It promotes the establishment of self-discrimination and self-control of corporate security risks, self-examination of hidden dangers, and effective government leadership and supervision of the government. The effective, corporate responsibility implementation and orderly social participation pattern has prompted enterprises to form a normal working mechanism. The government and related departments have further defined their work responsibilities, effectively improved the overall safety production pre-control capabilities, and solidified the solid foundation for curbing heavy accidents. .

6. What is the relationship between risk management and risk classification management?

A: The two are complementary and mutually reinforcing relationships. Security risk classification and control is the premise and basis for the investigation and management of hidden dangers. By strengthening the management and control of security risks, the relevant risks are eliminated, reduced or controlled from the source, thereby reducing the possibility of accidents and the severity of consequences. The investigation of hidden dangers is the enhancement and in-depth implementation of safety risk classification management. Through the hidden trouble investigation and management work, failures, defects or insufficiency of risk management and control measures are taken, measures are taken to rectify, and at the same time, the integrity of the identification and verification of various hazardous and hazardous factors is evaluated and verified. And accuracy, and then improve risk management and control measures to reduce or eliminate the possibility of accidents. Safety risk grading control and hidden hazards inspection and management jointly establish a dual mechanism to prevent accidents, constitute two protective barriers, and effectively curb the occurrence of serious accidents.

7. What are the few things that should be done to improve the closed-loop working mechanism for the investigation of corporate accident hazards?

A: First, it is necessary to improve the construction of corporate governance and troubleshooting systems and establish an information management system for self-inspection, self-revision, and self-reported accident hazards. Second, it is necessary to establish and improve the closed-loop working mechanism for hidden accidents and achieve closed-loop management of hidden troubles such as investigation, registration, assessment, management, reporting, and account sales. Thirdly, effective closure management should be implemented in areas such as investigation and discovery of hidden dangers, formulation of rectification plans, implementation of rectification measures, and verification of rectification results. Fourth, it is necessary to establish a system for the improvement of the registration system for accident hazards, the system for rectifying hidden accidents, and the system for supervising and managing hidden dangers in major accidents so that the hidden dangers are under supervision and management from discovery to rectification, making the inspection and control work a “closed circuit”. Responsibility, measures, funds, time limits, and preplans for "discussing the hidden dangers" have been implemented. The system of “Classification Responsibility, Leadership Supervision, Follow-up Response, and Number Management” has been strictly implemented for major accident hazards.

8 , many companies have established a standardized production safety system, some companies also have occupational safety and health management system, is it necessary to start another set of double prevention mechanism?

A: Whether it is a standardized production safety system, an occupational safety and health management system, or other risk management systems established by enterprises, the essence of the core management system is the risk management system. The core of the dual prevention mechanism is also based on the thoughts and requirements of risk management. However, it emphasizes methodologies. It does not design a set of formal documents. The company's existing safety production standardization system or occupational safety and health management system itself is the control of risk and prevention. The effective management of accidents is part of the dual prevention mechanism. The dual prevention mechanism is problem-oriented, seizes the core of risk management and control, and is goal-oriented, strengthening the inspection and management of hidden dangers. This is in line with the work previously deployed by the State Administration of Security Supervision. It is an organic unified whole. Therefore, the establishment of the dual prevention mechanism is not another start-up and another set. All localities and companies must, on the basis of past work, comprehensively identify risks and solidify the basis for standardization; eliminate or reduce hidden dangers through risk level management and control; reduce the risk of accidents by strengthening the investigation and management of hidden dangers; and promote the operation through the standardization system. The dual prevention mechanism is effectively implemented.

9. Is security risk and accident hazards the same thing?

A: The security risk comes from the hazards that may lead to casualties or property losses or various dangerous and harmful factors. It is the combination of the possibility of accidents and the severity of the consequences. The hidden dangers are the defects or loopholes formed after the failure of risk management and control. Both are completely different concepts. Security risks have objective existence and recognizability. Emphasis should be placed on inherent risks. Control measures should be adopted to reduce risks. Hidden accidents mainly come from the weak links of risk management and control. Process management must be emphasized, hidden dangers must be found through thorough investigation, and hidden dangers should be eliminated through timely management. . However, the two are also related. The hidden dangers of accidents originate from the failure or weakening of the management and control of security risks. Security risks are effectively controlled and there will be no or little hidden troubles.

10. Is risk identification and hidden trouble investigation the same job?

A: The risk identification and hidden trouble investigation work subjects all require the participation of all employees. The work target must cover all aspects of people, machines, loops, and management. However, risk identification focuses on the recognition of inherent risks. The hidden trouble investigation focuses on various measures of life. Periodic process management. Risk identification should be carried out on a regular basis and should be carried out in the event of changes in process technology, equipment, and organization and management organizations. Hidden hazard investigations must be conducted throughout the day and at all times to detect loopholes and weaknesses in technical measures and management measures.

11. How to classify security risks and accident risks?

A: "Documents for treating major and serious accidents by means of treating both major and minor accidents" and "Implementing Opinions on Preventing Construction of Double Preventive Mechanisms for Working Guidelines for Serious and Serious Accidents" and other documents require that security risk levels be ranked in descending order of major risk, greater risk, and general The risk and low risk are marked on the electronic map with red, orange, yellow and blue colors. According to the “Regulations for the Control of Hidden Troubles in Production Safety Accidents,” hidden accidents are classified into major accident hidden troubles and general accident hidden troubles.

12. What issues should be noticed in the identification of security risks?

Answer: The identification of corporate security risks should focus on the principle of full participation. The identification should cover all process flows, equipment, facilities, and workplaces, comprehensively analyze each production system, and continue to improve identification work through hidden troubleshooting. When identifying, we must fully consider the dangerous and harmful factors under the “three kinds of tenses” and “three states”, analyze the conditions for the occurrence of hazards and the possible accident or failure models. The identification of urban security risks should focus on the characteristics of urban risk, closely focus on the prevention of major accidents, highlight key areas, key industries and key enterprises, pay close attention to urban public places and public facilities, and rely mainly on grid-based urban management systems. The three main lines of the line and the surface comprehensively analyze and identify outstanding problems and weak links in urban security work.

13. What are the characteristics of China's current urban security risks?

A: First, there are numerous urban industries that constitute the complex and diverse types of urban security risks. As a spatial system of intensive population, intensive economy, and intensive science and culture, cities have intensive and diverse economic activities and social activities. Production systems and technological processes have become increasingly complex. Risks of dangerous chemicals in cities, accident risks of industrial and commercial enterprises, and construction Accident risks, fire accident risks, and transportation accident risks coexist and coexist, showing the diversity, abruptness, relevance, linkage, and coupling of urban risk types. Second, the intensive development of urban space has increased the severity of accidental disasters. Urban land resources are in short supply. In order to fully increase output value, accident-affected disaster bodies such as urban population, enterprises, and lifeline projects are highly concentrated, interact, and interact with each other, making cities more vulnerable, chain effects of accidents and disasters becoming stronger, and the consequences of accidents becoming more serious. Increased the difficulty of emergency rescue. Third, the rapid development of the city induced frequent accidents and disasters. With the rapid advancement of urban and rural integration in China, some early personnel-intensive sites, high-rise buildings, etc., due to the outdated safety facilities and low fire protection design standards, there are many hidden dangers of fire accidents. The layout of some buildings in some old industrial parks and other places is irrational, and new residential areas and commercial areas are gradually adjoining high-risk enterprises. The phenomenon of “Chengwei Petrochemical” and “Petrogustering Besieged City” is serious. The safety production contradictions accumulated in the course of urban development are appearing to be concentrated. The difficulty of urban security risk management and emergency management has been further increased.

14. What methods can be used for safety risk assessment?

A: Risk assessment is the process of determining the size and level of risk by determining the conditions of accidents, the probability of accidents, and the severity of accident consequences on the basis of risk identification. There are many risk assessment methods, which can be divided into two categories: one is quantitative, such as simulation analysis of accident consequences and quantitative risk assessment QRA ; the other is qualitative, such as safety checklist method and pre-risk analysis method Wait. To carry out risk assessment, we must select appropriate risk assessment methods according to the actual situation, quantify risks as much as possible, or use several evaluation methods to evaluate the same assessment object, supplement each other and verify each other, so as to improve the accuracy of the assessment results. The safety risk assessment must be tightly clamped down on the “nose nose” that focuses on serious accidents, pays close attention to the risk-covering population, and puts the prevention of major casualties in a more prominent position for analysis and evaluation.

15. What are the common problems in the management and control of companies conducting security risk assessment?

A: Some companies often assign risk assessment tasks directly to one or more departments. Several employees of the department identify the risks of the department, and then simply summarize the risk identification results to form a safety risk identification assessment report. Reflect the full participation and did not do full coverage. Some companies in the process of risk identification and assessment have chosen too narrow a scope to cover the entire process and the entire region. Some one-sided understanding of safety production risk management is the prevention and control of personal injury accidents, and the accident identification of equipment accidents, natural disasters, and other types of accidents, such as accident identification and risk assessment is not adequate, not comprehensive, and even no risk identification assessment. Some companies do not go deep into risk identification, resulting in the lack of targeted risk management and control measures, job responsibilities can not be implemented, and security risk management and control can not play a role.

16 , there are several types of security risk maps, how to draw?

Answer: At least three categories should be included: One is the four-color security risk map. According to the results of the risk assessment, different levels of risks existing in production facilities, workplaces, etc., are indicated in the general floor plans or geographical coordinates using the colors red, orange, yellow, and blue, and risk classification and control are implemented. One is the comparison of operational (industry) security risks. Some job activities, production processes, and mission-critical tasks in an enterprise, and different industries (domains) in different parts of the country, because their level of risk is difficult to identify on the floorplan, use statistical analysis methods to take a histogram, curve, or pie chart In other words, the risks of the company's different operations (processes) or different industries (fields) in different regions are marked in descending order, highlighting the focus of the work. There is also a map of the region's overall security risk. For a region and a city, the overall risk level of the next-level administrative region should be comprehensively analyzed, and the overall risk maps at each level of towns, counties, and cities should be plotted step by step to determine the level of supervision. Focus.

17. What problems should be noticed in the informationization of the dual prevention mechanism?

A: The construction of the dual prevention mechanism not only generates and relies on a large amount of safety data, but also overcomes the formalization and quiescence that paperization may bring. The use of information technology to ensure the establishment of the dual prevention mechanism is particularly important. To make use of information technology to electronicize the list of safety risks and accident hazards list, establish and timely update the database of safety risks and accident hidden dangers; to draw up the electronic map of safety risk distribution, and to integrate major risk monitoring and monitoring data into the information platform to give full play to The role of information system automation analysis and intelligent early warning. It is necessary to make full use of the existing production safety management information system and network synthesis platform to achieve the integration of risk management and risk investigation and informatization as far as possible, and to avoid islands of information and improve work efficiency and operational effectiveness through integrated management.

18 , Some small and medium-sized employees are not many, lack of technical strength, there is no easy way to build a dual prevention mechanism?

A: The establishment of the dual prevention mechanism is not a task, nor is it a phased work. It is to establish a long-term mechanism for enterprises to control risks and prevent accidents. The methods are not complicated and simple, but only applicable and inapplicable. Some SMEs have few employees and lack of technical strength. What should we do? The company must strengthen the training of all employees, so that all employees accept and consciously implement the concept of risk-priority, learn the basic knowledge of risk management, and master the basic methods of risk identification and hidden trouble investigation. Experts can be hired to carry out first-time risk identification, and formulate a simple and practical risk identification and hidden trouble-checking system that is consistent with the actual situation of the company. Through such simple measures as job risk notification card and hidden trouble check list, each employee can understand, get started, and have tasks. . We must learn to grasp the main contradictions and formulate control measures and implement control responsibilities for the high risks of the company. SMEs should refrain from spending money to ask third-party service agencies to formulate a large number of documents and go astray, promote the use of simple systems and clear responsibilities to control the high-risk of the company, investigate and rectify the hidden dangers of the company, and effectively prevent casualties. An accident occurred.

19. What are the aspects of the normal operation mechanism of the dual prevention mechanism?

A: First, the security risk grading control system and the hidden trouble management system are not two parallel systems, and they are not separated from each other. The two must be organically integrated. Second, we must regularly carry out risk identification, strengthen change management, and regularly update the list of safety risks, list of hidden accidents, and safety risk maps so that they are in line with the actual conditions of the unit and meet the needs of the work. Third, we must conduct regular assessments of the operation of the dual prevention mechanism, identify problems and deviations in a timely manner, revise and improve system regulations, and ensure continuous improvement of the dual prevention mechanism. Fourth, we must control access to high-risk projects from the source, continuously improve major risk management and control measures and major potential hazard management plans, ensure the effective operation of the emergency response mechanism, and ensure the normal operation of the dual prevention mechanism.

20. What role does each level of government and its related departments play in the establishment of the dual prevention mechanism and what role does it play?

A: First, organization promoters. Governments at all levels and their relevant departments should take the lead in organizing, improving and improving standards and standards, clarifying the division of responsibilities among the members of the committees at all levels, taking the lead in formulating specific implementation plans, clarifying the contents of work, and implementing the responsible departments to ensure that all work tasks are implemented. . The second is the supervisor. Governments at all levels and related departments must strengthen the supervision and inspection of work in enterprises and related industries, actively coordinate and organize expert strengths, and help and guide enterprises and related industries in the implementation of security risk management and risk management. The third is the propagator. Governments at all levels and their relevant departments must vigorously publicize the construction of the dual prevention mechanism, publicize advanced models, promote successful practices, expose areas and enterprises with outstanding hidden dangers, and create a favorable public opinion environment for promoting the establishment of dual prevention mechanisms.

The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.