Transforming the advantages of graphite resources into economic advantages (Guo Dachun, deputy director of the Science and Technology Department of Heilongjiang Province): The Heilongjiang graphite production area is mainly concentrated in the Jixi and Hegang areas, forming a graphite belt. Among them, the total reserves of crystalline graphite ore in Jixi City is 510 million tons; the total reserves of crystalline graphite ore in Luoshan Yunshan is 630 million tons. There are 24 graphite resource deposits in Jixi City, with an average ore grade of 7.97%. The graphite resources of Luobei are mainly distributed in the Yunshan graphite mining area. A total of 25 deposits were found within 9 square kilometers, with an average grade of 10.2%. Graphite in our province is characterized by abundant resources, large reserves and high grade. In 2009, there were 38 graphite production and processing enterprises in our province, which produced a total of 340,000 tons of graphite, and each of Jixi and Hegang produced about 170,000 tons. In 2010, the country's cumulative export of graphite was less than 200,000 tons, of which Heilongjiang was 100,000 tons. At present, China's graphite industry is still facing many development problems. Lack of support for the entire industry from downstream high-tech products. We have long-term low-cost export of raw materials such as graphite fine powder, which are sold to us at ten times, one hundred times and thousands of times after deep processing in foreign countries. Therefore, the conservation and intensive use of non-renewable resources such as graphite is related to the long-term strategic interests of the country. The graphite industry has a low level of technology. Mining mining disorder, mining and dysfunctional, mining and abandoning poverty, resulting in serious waste of mine resources, the mine life is greatly shortened. There is a lack of scientific planning and supervision and management of resource exploitation, lack of long-term mining design and planning, quick success and short-term behavior, and basic research and applied technology research are backward. At present, graphite deep processing technology in Germany, France, the United States, Switzerland, Japan and other countries is quite mature, and there are a large number of graphite deep processing and operating enterprises. These developed countries have closed their domestic graphite resources and will not mine them, mainly using graphite minerals. The low-priced graphite primary processing products purchased at a low price have been sold at a high price and earned huge profits. The graphite industry has a low concentration. Most of the graphite enterprises are small and scattered, and the low-end products are surplus, resulting in disorderly competition and unable to form a monopoly market and prices. It is believed that the future development of graphite industry in Heilongjiang is based on the comparative advantage of graphite resources. By building an innovation chain, it will drive the construction of the industrial chain and comprehensively improve the technical content of the graphite industry, thereby occupying the high-end of the graphite industry value chain and relying on scientific and technological progress to strengthen and expand the graphite industry. The goal is to intensively develop and efficiently use graphite resources, transform resource advantages into economic advantages, and promote local economic development. To this end, it is recommended to upgrade the development of the graphite industry to a national strategy. The graphite industry technology will be listed as a special national science and technology key for the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€. Support the basic research, cutting-edge technology research and applied technology research of the graphite industry, lead the development of the national graphite industry technology, promote the combination of production, learning, research and use; it is recommended to support the establishment of a graphite industry trading base in Heilongjiang. According to the reality of Heilongjiang Province, the first province of graphite, learn from the experience of other industry exchanges to create a “aircraft carrier†for graphite products trading. The supply and demand relationship and the transaction price of graphite products on the platform can represent the real-time price of Chinese graphite products. In the process of sorting, it is necessary to protect large scale graphite (Chinese Academy of Engineering academician Sun Chuanqi): Compared with the world's similar deposits, the quality of Chinese graphite ore is generally at a medium level. The resources of natural flake graphite are mainly distributed in Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Shandong, Jilin, Shanxi and other provinces. These provinces concentrate more than 85% of the national reserves of crystalline graphite. The Yunshan Graphite Mine in Luobei County, Heilongjiang Province has a proven geological total of 636 million tons and is the largest graphite mining area in Asia. In 2009, graphite production exceeded 200,000 tons, accounting for about half of the country's total output. The cryptocrystalline graphite is mainly distributed in Hunan and Jilin provinces. The characteristics of China's graphite mineral resources distribution: First, the ore types are complete, mainly crystalline graphite, and cryptocrystalline graphite is produced; second, the mineral deposits are widely distributed, and the reserves are relatively concentrated in the most favorable areas for mineralization. . The crystalline graphite deposits retain mineral reserves in Heilongjiang, Sichuan, Shandong, Henan, and Inner Mongolia, accounting for 89% of the reserves of minerals in the national crystalline graphite mine. Heilongjiang Province holds the largest reserves of crystalline graphite minerals, accounting for 64% of the reserves of crystalline graphite in the country. Its eastern region is the largest reservoir of crystalline graphite in China, with reserves of more than 110 million tons of minerals. The cryptocrystalline graphite ore is mainly distributed in Hunan Province, accounting for 75% of the national cryptocrystalline graphite retained ore reserves. The widespread and relatively concentrated nature of China's graphite minerals not only facilitates the establishment of small and medium-sized graphite enterprises, but also creates conditions for the centralized construction of large-scale graphite production bases. The scale of China's crystalline graphite ore is mostly large and medium-sized mines, accounting for 70% of the total number of mineral deposits. The national reserves of crystalline graphite retained minerals are concentrated in large-scale mines. Among the large crystalline graphite mines: Yunshan in Luobei County, Foling in Boli County, Liumao in Jixi City, and Panzhihua Zhongba in Sichuan Province. These four are rare ore deposits in the world, and they hold a total of mineral reserves. Crystalline graphite holds 66% of mineral reserves, while other medium and small mines hold only 11% and 1% of reserves. The scale of cryptocrystalline graphite ore is mainly medium and small. China's crystalline graphite ore grade is not high, and it needs to be ore-selected to obtain high-purity flake graphite products that meet industrial requirements. Most of the crystalline graphite ore has good selectivity, especially gneiss-type ore. Although it is mostly lean ore, the grade is generally only 3%~5%, but the graphite and gangue minerals are larger in size and flake. Or the muddy material is small, which is conducive to sorting. The cryptocrystalline graphite ore beneficiation is generally difficult and uneconomical. Some of China's cryptocrystalline graphite ore has a higher grade and less impurities. Therefore, the ore can be produced by hand-selecting, pulverizing, and grinding to produce microcrystalline graphite products that meet industrial requirements. At present, the leading enterprises in China's graphite mineral development are Heilongjiang Aoyu Graphite Group, Shandong Qingdao Graphite Co., Ltd. and Inner Mongolia Xinghe County Xinyi Graphite Co., Ltd. Heilongjiang Aoyu Graphite Group has built 7 modern graphite production lines, and the production capacity of graphite products reaches 80,000 tons/year, which can produce high, medium and low carbon graphite series products. Shandong Qingdao Graphite Co., Ltd. is a comprehensive large-scale mining enterprise integrating science, industry and trade. It can produce five series and more than 30 varieties of graphite such as flake graphite, micro-powder graphite, graphite milk, graphite products and graphite far-infrared health care products. product. Inner Mongolia Xinghe County Xinyi Graphite Co., Ltd. has a scale graphite production capacity of 0.55 million tons/year. Scale graphite ore is one of the best floatable minerals in nature. Care should be taken to protect large scale graphite during the selection process. Large scale graphite has a wide range of uses, low resources and high value, so it is necessary to protect large scales from being broken in production. Usually large scales refer to scaly graphite of +50 mesh, +80 mesh, +100 mesh. The measure for protecting large phosphorus tablets is to use multiple grinding and multiple sorting processes in the sorting process to select the particles of the dissociated particles obtained from each grinding in time. If the ore is ground to a very fine particle size, it will destroy the large scales. From the "big country" of graphite to the "powerful country" is the trend of the times (Zhou Yu, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering): 2010 is a landmark year in the history of the development of the graphite industry. China's annual scale graphite production is about 700,000 tons, the output value is nearly 6 billion yuan, the export of graphite is about 170,000 tons, and the foreign exchange earned 380 million US dollars. The price and corporate profits are at a relatively high and good level. The graphite industry may face a reshuffle situation. State-owned large enterprises such as China Construction Group, CNOOC and AVIC are preparing to enter the graphite industry, which may promote the development of the graphite industry. At present, graphite traditional products mainly include magnesia carbon bricks, nozzles, stoppers, graphite crucibles and brushes. The main components of magnesia carbon brick products are magnesium oxide and flake graphite. China is the country with the most abundant magnesite and graphite resources, ranking first in the world. Therefore, magnesia carbon brick has obvious advantages in production in China. In 2005, China's magnesia carbon brick exports amounted to 250,000 tons, and domestic consumption was about 1.4 million tons. Graphite crucibles were used for smelting and casting of non-ferrous metals and rare metals, with fast heat conduction, high temperature resistance, thermal shock resistance, anti-blocking and resistance. The slag-removing agent is corroded and does not react with the molten material. It is a non-ferrous metal melting caster; the brush is the main component that conducts current between the rotating part and the stationary part of the motor, and is widely applicable to various AC-DC generators and synchronous motors. , battery DC motor, crane motor collector ring, various types of welding machine. In graphite deep processing materials and technology, it mainly includes high-purity graphite, ultra-fine (ultra-thin) graphite, lithium ion battery anode graphite, graphite intercalation compound and its derivative materials, graphene and natural graphite composite materials. High-purity graphite is the basis for most deep-processed products, so graphite purification technology is paramount. The high temperature volatilization method is used to heat the graphite to above 2800 ° C, and the ash in the natural graphite can be vaporized and escaped (the boiling point of quartz is 2750 ° C). The method can make the carbon content of graphite reach 99.99% or even higher, which is the most effective method for preparing ultra-high-purity graphite; the ultra-fine graphite powder utilizes the layered structure characteristic of graphite itself, by applying external force (blasting, ultrasonic, electrochemistry) Etc.) Destruction of the bonding force in the c-axis direction is an effective means to obtain ultra-fine flake graphite powder; lithium-ion battery is a chemical power source with rapid technological advancement, huge market capacity and fastest development. Graphite is the main anode material currently used in commercial secondary lithium ion batteries. Natural graphite is inexpensive, but must be modified and modified to be used on a large scale for lithium-ion batteries. The key to its technology is to control purity, particle size and shape. The problems existing in China's graphite industry at present stage include waste of resources. The carbon content of cryptocrystalline graphite is more than 70%. When coal is burned, most of the remaining are low-grade ore; the proportion and level of deep processing of flake graphite are still very low, mostly They are also cheaply exported; the level of technology, technology and equipment is backward. There are no major breakthroughs and changes in mining and mineral processing in the past 40 or 50 years. Many graphite processing technologies are not advanced, and products are only primary processing products. The main exporters of our national graphite are Japan, the United States and some European developed countries. The main imported high-tech graphite products are also from Japan and the United States and some European developed countries. The countries with advanced graphite deep processing technology are the United States, Japan, Britain, Germany, France and Russia. The developing countries with graphite resources mainly produce graphite raw materials, and graphite deep processing technology is not mastered. Therefore, China is still only a “big country†of graphite rather than a “powerful country†of graphite. It is recommended that the state increase the investment in graphite and research and development. Improve the process, technology and equipment level of industrial enterprises in new products, new processes, environmental protection, safety, tailings treatment, etc.; strengthen resource management and protect graphite resources. Natural graphite is a non-renewable resource. If the current mining speed is up to 20 years, China's graphite resources will be exhausted. At that time, China will import graphite at a high price. We must improve the entry barrier of the graphite industry and establish a resource protection policy; Establish a national innovation system. Establish an industry-university-research cooperation platform, establish a scientific research cooperation information network, establish a university research laboratory, and establish a transformation-oriented pilot base. Graphene may become a support material for micro-nanoelectronics industry (Academia Sinica, Chinese Academy of Engineering): According to relevant statistics, in 2010, the national electronic information manufacturing industry's main revenue was 6.36 trillion, and the world's integrated circuit industry has more than 300 billion US dollars. Such a scale is related to Moore's Law. Moore's Law requires new materials for further development. Now we are using silicon. Silicon material is the supporting material of the microelectronics industry. Silicon and silicon dioxide have a high degree of matching. It is a gift from God to human beings, so we can dig a "window" on the silicon dioxide, then do hundreds of processes, and finally do Into an integrated circuit. There is now a saying that the eve of the new technological revolution in the world, there are also many people who analyze whether it is the sixth revolution and the seventh revolution. Undoubtedly, under the impact of the financial crisis, it is possible to rehearse the new technological revolution, especially since there has been no revolutionary breakthrough in the past half century. Every time there is a lot of new materials coming out of the new technological revolution, the first hot material should be graphene. There is a voice that we can replace silicon with graphene in the future and become the supporting material for the micro-nano electronics industry. Now the problem that silicon itself encounters is how to reduce power consumption, increase frequency, and whether one can emit light. The researchers are very distressed, silicon has become a silicon-based material and has done a lot of technical innovations, but the problem is very big. After the graphene comes out, the three bottlenecks of silicon are now solved easily. This thing is really powerful. , causing a worldwide research boom. Graphene is very expensive. In 2008, a graphene in the human hair wire section cost $1,000. In 2009, one square centimeter of graphene cost $100. Now that the method of preparation is more, it is still relatively cheaper. An international carbon conference was held in July last year. Everyone knows that it has been open for many years, but last year's conference was very important. The first recommendation report was graphene-based materials, and carbon-based electronics became an important topic of the conference. At present, 70% of this conference involves graphene and nano-carbon nano-nanoelectronics, but only 17 people in China participate, accounting for 4% of the number of participants in the conference. We seem to have not paid special attention to it. In fact, international carbon-based electronics As an important trend in the future development. Carbon film is a good new material for lubrication (Xue Qunji, academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering): Graphite is an excellent lubricating material, especially its dispersion system and composite materials have wide application value in transportation power, manufacturing and high technology. Among them, carbon film is a new type of material with broad application prospects in high-tech fields. Graphite has good lubricating effect, and in the water and oxygen atmosphere, graphite has low friction and good lubricating performance. Some organic small molecules (including carbon, oxygen, hydrogen atoms), especially those with weak interatomic bonds (such as propanol, ethanol, etc.) can reduce the friction coefficient of graphite. At present, the types of graphite lubricants mainly include powders, graphite dispersions, bonded solid lubricating films, graphite-carbon composites, graphite-metal composites, graphite-polymer composites, and graphite-ceramic-based materials. Graphite dispersion is mainly used for molding of light metals such as aluminum (Al) and magnesium (Mg), which can extend the life of the mold, easy to form and keep the product clean; molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W) can increase the speed and die life. Large length to diameter ratio anti-seizure, applied to screws, screws and rivets to prevent seizure at the joint; lubrication of the conveyor belt of the high temperature furnace; application of the running-in stage of the equipment; lubricating oil additive under high temperature and high pressure; overload gear and Bearing lubrication; train, railway electric bow lubrication, to prevent arc sparks and wear, to ensure conductivity and lubrication; glass products (such as bottles, tubes, etc.) release agent. The application of bonded graphite lubricating coatings is mainly to bond graphite to the friction surface with a binder to form a coating to reduce friction and reduce wear. Graphite-containing lubricant coatings are mainly used for lubrication of friction surfaces under oil-free conditions, lubricants under vacuum and irradiation conditions, lubricants for rubber parts, lubricants under extreme load and life conditions, and lubrication of aluminum and magnesium alloy surfaces. . At present, carbon-based lubricating films in the graphite field are widely used in high technology. In engine system applications, Japan, Germany and other automotive and engine parts companies have widely adopted DLC technology. Nissan and Toyota's key parts of the automobile engine are plated with DLC, and the friction is reduced by 40% compared with the CrN friction component, and the fuel efficiency is increased by 3% to 4%. Innovative project of six framework R&D projects supported by the European Commission in 2008, involving 24 European senior partners who are engaged in automotive or aerospace operations and focus on developing innovative processes and materials to enable high performance nanocoating (DLC, etc.) Apply to parts. Domestic heavy trucks, FAW, Dongfeng, and a small number of engine manufacturers began to develop and apply. In the high-end diesel piston ring and the fourth-generation carbon-based composite coating technology of the gasoline engine piston ring, the medium-scale batch capacity of the laboratory has been formed; the large-size air bearing carbon has been developed in the application of the engineering machinery-foil air bearing system. The base composite coating and the friction pair coating matching technology reduce the starting and stopping torque by more than 50%, and the start-stop life is greatly improved; in the construction machinery-dry gas sealing application, key components of the mechanical seal such as ceramic sealing ring are developed. The carbon-based composite coating technology such as bushings makes the components have ultra-low friction coefficient under various working conditions, and the start-stop life is greatly improved. In the engineering machinery-gear application, the anti-wear and corrosion resistance of the large gear surface is developed. The integrated CrN-based and carbon-based composite coating technology makes it have low friction coefficient and excellent service life in corrosive and wear environments. In engineering machinery-bearing applications, Seiko has developed anti-dry friction bearings for papermaking machinery. Technology is the carbon-based film technology on the bearing surface. The development of graphite industry in Heilongjiang Province should be equal to “quality†and “quantity†(Zhao Guogang, Dean of Heilongjiang Institute of Science and Technology): Lithium ion anode material, one of the high graphite and new industries in our province, is in the development stage, and graphite powder is mainly exported under the “original†font size. Or export. In 2010, the province produced more than 350,000 tons of graphite micropowder, which created huge economic benefits for the region, but relied on the advantage of “quantity†rather than the advantage of “qualityâ€. Therefore, we believe that the provincial government and the Science and Technology Department are far-sighted and hold the “Academician Activitiesâ€, which not only can effectively promote the construction of the graphite industry alliance, but also provide reliable technical support for the optimization of the graphite industry structure, thus accelerating the graphite industry in China from “quantity†to The transformation of "quality". The special graphite is “three high†graphite, and the so-called “three high†graphite should have three characteristics of high strength, high density and high purity. In 2010, according to the statistics of relevant departments, China imported about 20,000 tons of high-purity graphite blocks, which is equivalent to about RMB 200,000 per ton. In the United States, Germany, Japan and other countries, the "three high" graphite products can reach a bulk density of 2.0g/cm3 or more, of which Germany has a flexural strength of more than 80Mpa and a purity of more than 99.9% (carbon content). Domestically, “three high†graphite is prepared from secondary coke and asphalt. The bulk density can reach 1.6~1.8g/cm3, but natural graphite is used as the main material to prepare “three high†graphite blocks, in theory, There is still a big gap between technology and foreign countries. The use of natural graphite as the main material to prepare "three high" has the advantage of lower cost (about 2/3 of the cost of artificial graphite); low energy consumption (short sintering cycle); good electrical and thermal conductivity; high corrosion resistance and permeability . However, due to the poor sintering performance of natural graphite, the most difficult point in the preparation of "three high" graphite as the main material is that the forming technology and equipment have high requirements and are not easy to densify. According to the development status of the “three high†graphite industry at home and abroad, the special graphite products with independent research and development of natural graphite as the main material will greatly enhance the social and economic benefits and have important strategic significance. After the natural high-purity graphite is expanded, it is modified and divided into two parts. Some of them are activated and modified, that is, coated with resin, etc.; and the other part is subjected to ultrasonic treatment to prepare nanographite sheets and graphene-like ones. After activation and modification of graphite, it is easy to coke with binder. A small amount of nano-graphite and graphene can effectively alleviate the formation of micro-cracks in the carbonization process of “three high†graphite. “Heilongjiang Graphite Technology Innovation Service Platform†is a research and development and service organization jointly established by Heilongjiang Institute of Science and Technology and the provincial enterprises and universities under the leadership of the Provincial Science and Technology Department. At present, the graphite testing, analysis and processing equipment of the platform is worth more than 50 million yuan, the laboratory area is 3850 square meters, and the science and technology innovation park is 1865 square meters. In the future, the platform will combine the wisdom of the eight parties, politics, production, learning and research, make full use of the graphite resources of Heilongjiang Province, vigorously develop high, fine and sharp graphite products, and accelerate the transformation of the major graphite province to the strong graphite province.
Pvc Welded Wire Mesh,Hot-Dipped Galvanized Welded Wire,Pvc Coated Wire Mesh,Pvc Coated Welded Wire Mesh
Shenzhou City Hongda Hardware Products Co.,Ltd , https://www.hdpvcwire.com