The first "sub-health" of research and development investment in the pressure of small and medium-sized enterprises

Editor's note: China's economic development has entered a new normal, and development requires new ideas, and innovation has been ranked as the top of the five development concepts during the 13th Five-Year Plan period. Examining the “dancers” of domestic enterprises, scientific research institutions, government departments, etc., which are active in the tide of innovation, innovation genes have penetrated into the marrow: they have innovated through institutional mechanisms to form effective incentive mechanisms and interest coordination mechanisms to effectively encourage innovation activities. And inspire innovation.
However, we must face up to the fact that compared with developed countries, China's current innovation capability is still not strong. We need to accelerate the structural reform of the supply side, further remove institutional and institutional obstacles, and respect all ideas that are conducive to innovation. The "Economic Information Daily" will launch the "Decoding Innovation Genes" series report from now on, so stay tuned.
Enterprises are the mainstay of innovation. The existing innovation environment is the key to their healthy growth, especially for non-star companies that are not in the spotlight and grow in the wilderness. The "Economic Information Daily" reporter took the form of "questionnaire survey + field visit" and lasted for nearly two months. It collected 1048 valid questionnaires and interviewed nearly 100 innovative enterprises in more than 10 provinces. The survey found that the innovation-driven strategy activates a pool of spring water, small and medium-sized micro-enterprises with small volume but high flexibility have become the main force of current innovation. They have passion, vitality but physical anemia, policy “susceptibility” and low immunity. "Adolescence" encounters "sub-health" and is eager for an ecologically suitable growth.

"Youth": small and medium-sized enterprises are more willing to invest in research and development <br> If divided by age, the small and medium-sized enterprises that are the main force of innovation drive are like young people who are young and bloody. They are generally shy and are willing to spend money, but they are small but explosive. Amazing, showing the thriving trend of "I am not willing to be young."
Data analysis of 1048 questionnaires shows that SMEs have become the largest subject of original innovation. The medium-sized companies accounted for 59.3% of the original innovations, accounting for the highest proportion of all types of enterprises. The proportion of large enterprises and large enterprises is 54.6% and 58.3%, respectively, and the proportion of small and micro enterprises is slightly lower, and 48.1% are already engaged in original innovation.
In terms of innovation investment, small and medium-sized enterprises are also more willing to spend than large enterprises. According to international experience, enterprise R&D investment will account for more than 5% of sales. According to the questionnaire data, 48.89% of medium-sized enterprises reached this level, accounting for the highest proportion of all types of enterprises; small and micro enterprises followed, accounting for 46.3% of small and micro enterprises reached this level. The full-time R&D personnel accounted for more than 10% of the employees, and also led by medium-sized enterprises. Data analysis shows that the proportion of medium-sized enterprises accounting for 55.53% is more than 10%.
Small and medium-sized enterprises are willing to spend money on innovation and research and development, and there is no shortage of foresight. Chongqing Weibo CEO Duan Wenbin took the company to the third place in the domestic RFID radio frequency identification industry in 10 years. “The company's R&D personnel account for more than 65% of all employees. Although the revenue in 2015 was only 40 million yuan, we still put 80% of the profits into innovative R&D. For more than 10 years, we have been insisting on research and development two years ahead of schedule. Technical reserves, this is also a prerequisite for our continued development."
Investing in innovation, in exchange for exponential returns and the extension of the industry to the ends of the "smile" curve. According to cross-analysis survey data, nearly 60% of enterprises with R&D investment accounting for more than 5% of sales have contributed 50% of their non-manufacturing links (R&D design, brand value, sales channels and after-sales service) to corporate profits. %the above. Zhou Wenyi, a special expert of the National Beidou chip, returned to China to establish Xi'an Aerospace Huaxun Technology Co., Ltd. The company's profit growth rate in the past three years is between 200% and 400%. He told reporters that the company is mainly engaged in R&D and design, and all manufacturing processes are outsourced. The contribution of non-manufacturing links to corporate profits can reach at least 70%.
“Showing in front of is a magical and charming market.” Zhou Wenyi said. Whether it is called “industrial MSG” graphene, or Beidou navigation, 3D printing technology... The current technological innovation benefits not only a single enterprise or industry, but also the overall improvement of cross-border and cross-industry.
“The market is the best propeller to drive innovation”, Chen Jun, director of the Innovation and Development Office of Chongqing Science and Technology Commission, said that science and technology is the first productive force. This sentence has been proposed for 18 years, but it is true that enterprises pay attention to this sentence. After the innovation-driven development strategy was put forward. According to the survey data, 74.5% of the respondents invested in R&D funding for product development. “We used to fight resources and rely on production capacity to make money. Now we can’t do it. If we don’t innovate, there will be no way out.” Su Shanzhen, chairman of Jiangsu Kaigong Machinery Co., Ltd., who won the second prize of National Science and Technology Progress Award in 2014, believes that he wants to be a hundred years old. The company relies on innovation, product and talent.

"Anemia": excessive pressure on innovation investment <br> Research data shows that R&D investment is huge, and the innovation subjects experiencing explosive growth generally show an "anemic" state. According to the data analyzed by the questionnaire, the research and development funds of the enterprise mainly come from the three channels of government funds, enterprise self-raising and bank credit. Among them, over 90% of the research and development funds of the respondents are mainly self-raised by the enterprises, and the proportion of bank loans and government funds is 37% and 25% respectively. More than half of the companies said that the main problem affecting corporate innovation is the pressure on innovation investment.
As the main body of innovation-driven enterprises, on the one hand, the market potential of the newly-expanded market is unlimited, on the other hand, the funds available are stretched. The phrase "My strength can't support my dream" has become the most helpless voice on the road to the expansion of the territory. "Twenty years ago, I took the mark of Starbucks alone. Later I learned that it was called Starbucks. I have to embroider how many Starbucks to be able to drink a Starbucks!" Despite the bad business, the Xinyue Lake District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province Wan Suli, Chairman of Embroidery Co., Ltd. is still determined to move from foundry to build its own brand. After 20 years of contracting for foreign brands, he registered his own embroidery trademark “Fengyi Tianxia”. The company with a total output value of 60 million yuan has invested 40 million yuan in brand promotion and technology research and development in 3 years. However, since the end of last year, she has pushed down nearly 90% of orders because of liquidity.
“Innovative R&D is burning money”. As the leader of machinery manufacturing in the textile industry, Su Shanzhen invested more than RMB 1 billion in the R&D winder. The corporate capital chain is extremely tight, but there has never been financial financial support. The entrepreneur who is responsible for revitalizing the national industry cannot help but wonder, "Who has the country spent so much technology and money, and who has it?"
In the questionnaire survey, when the company responded to the “claims on innovation policy”, the top three ranked “hope to provide R&D fund support” and “hope to formulate tax reduction preferential policies according to the growth rules of innovative enterprises”. Improve supporting services and increase talent introduction." Among them, 72.04% of the respondents expect to “increase R&D funding support”.
The problem of corporate tax burden and high financing costs has undoubtedly aggravated the "anemic" situation of innovative enterprises. Take Jiangsu Desa Princess Culture and Creative Industry Co., Ltd. as an example. Last year, the company earned more than 10 million yuan, and the tax paid also reached 10 million yuan. The tax burden accounted for 3% to 4% of the operating costs of the enterprise. “The company’s sales revenue accounts for about 8% to 10% of the tax revenue.”
A person in charge of an innovative enterprise in Quzhou, Jiangxi wrote on the questionnaire: “Innovative enterprises, large capital investment, and great uncertainty, often take a long time to see results. In the research and development time Enterprises may experience all kinds of ups and downs. In the context of bad market conditions, the downward pressure on the Chinese economy and the weak economy, whether to continue investing in research and development has become the most entangled problem for enterprises. After all, the previous period has already entered a lot, but The results are still in the foreseeable future."
Innovative companies are innovative in their business and are themselves new. However, in the current policy environment, these companies often suffer from “new incompatibility”. The respondents reported that the value-added tax included in the newly-added real estate of the enterprise was included in the deduction, which is a good measure for the large-scale and wide-ranging benefit of the comprehensive battalion reform. However, for innovative enterprises with light assets and high labor costs, only the value-added deduction for R&D equipment has little effect on reducing the tax burden cost. “After loosening and taxation growth”, Dong Xiuzhen, director of the Science and Technology Bureau of Liuzhou National High-tech Industrial Development Zone, told reporters that more than 150 high-tech enterprises in the development zone have clearly stated that they will not review.
According to Zhang Weimin, director of the major special department of the Science and Technology Department of Jiangxi Province, the focus of scientific research and innovation has shifted from the research institutes within the system to the main body of the enterprise, but the supply of related supporting systems has not kept up, and there are innovative activities and production activities of enterprises. Misunderstanding. The same is to buy an imported research and development equipment, colleges and universities to buy can enjoy the tariff reduction policy. "But the company can't, because your business license is written on the production company. How do you prove it is for production or R&D?"
According to the survey data, the company's appeals for innovation and entrepreneurship are ranked in the top three, which are to provide R&D fund support, formulate tax reduction preferential policies and improve supporting services according to the growth rules of innovative enterprises, and increase talent introduction. jobs. Among them, 72% of the respondents called for increased R&D funding support. Xu Nanping, deputy director of the Ministry of Science and Technology, also believes that the implementation of the innovation policy, tax exemption is a greater political achievement.
Innovative enterprises are undoubtedly more advantageous in targeting the market. However, under the current cost pressure, the survival pressure and the input power are mutually reinforcing, which constrains and restricts the enterprises to seize strategic opportunities. Data analysis shows that 66.89% of enterprises believe that national industry support, tax incentives and other related policies affect enterprise innovation investment. In addition, 55.25% of enterprises believe that the current macroeconomic situation also affects the company's innovation investment.

“Sub-health”: policy and institutional development bottleneck
In the survey, the reporter found that innovative companies are dynamic, aggressive, and explosive, but they are too small to make a contribution to local finance and taxation much lower than traditional large enterprises. In addition, it is still in an environment where the innovation and entrepreneurship system is gradually improving. The establishment and consolidation of the subject status is highly dependent on the external environment, with unlimited vitality but low immunity.
At the age of 29, he was appraised as an associate professor at Northwestern Polytechnical University, and Xue Lei, the general manager of Xi'an Platinum Laser Forming Technology Co., Ltd., who left the university the following year, was in the sunshine, but he was always anxious. The company is as young as a human being, but its development speed is staggering. It has become the leading enterprise in the national metal 3D printing industry after less than 5 years of establishment, and the market is growing at a rate of 60% every year. But the reporter saw that such a fast-growing company is still nestled in a low and narrow two-story building. Xue Lei said helplessly: "As early as three years ago, we applied to build a new factory, but the progress was relatively slow. After many coordination, we only levied the land and started construction."
In response to the “main factors affecting enterprise innovation”, 32.54% of the respondents chose “existing mechanisms such as taxation and assessment are not conducive to innovation”, and 29.68% of the choices “difficulties in government support (including difficult approval, simplified administration and decentralization) Insufficient, administrative regulations are limited, etc.), 16.98% of the choice "lack of a level playing field." “Small and medium-sized innovative enterprises need care, and they need to pay attention to them. Don’t let the good seedlings die in waiting.” Xue Lei said that this round of innovation drives the focus of the field, and the technical level is mostly in the stage of running and even leading. Pay attention to the development of these high-tech, innovative and representative enterprises. "It is not for the government to violate the principle, but to implement the policy in a timely manner and respond to corporate demands."
The imperfections of the system make the innovative enterprises highly dependent on the local government, especially the main leaders. “Free buildings are not important, and enterprises are more concerned about the soft services behind them.” The relevant person in charge of the Tsinghua University Enlightenment Innovation Research Institute said that the biggest policy risk for enterprises is from government leadership updates, personal factors sometimes even Will be stronger than the policy factor. This discussion is also reflected in the enterprise. A person in charge of a certain enterprise in the southwest told reporters that it is the correct understanding of the robot industry by the main local leaders that makes this the region with the most complete industrial chain and the highest concentration of industrial clusters.
Policies directly affect the promotion of some innovative models. Ding Jiamin, general manager of Shanghai Zizhu Venture Incubator Co., Ltd. and the reporter said that there was a business-related entrepreneurial project. At the beginning, the park worried about the policy, and closed the project during the campus review. The attitude gave it a little investment. As a result, this model was quickly pushed open, and the policy did not kill it with a stick. "The opportunity for the future must be cross-border and sharing. In the pre-approval, we must give the innovative company a period of inclusiveness for a few months."
A person in charge of the letter system in the Yangtze River Delta region said that in the face of innovative formats, the supervision of some government departments is not “humble” help but “mindfulness”, and ultimately it is forced by the market to reform, the established policy has been They can't adapt at all, they can only make innovations; or these innovative formats are forced to go nowhere. “The new economic workers are taking pictures here. The mother said that the government does not encourage innovation. Instead, the people go out and the people say that the regulators don’t care about these innovative scammers with 'outerwear’. Government departments need to seek innovation and regulation as soon as possible. Balanced."
Compared with traditional enterprises, innovative enterprises are undoubtedly more advantageous in grabbing and targeting market demand. In this process, the demand traction from the government level often plays an important role in the “four or two”. The former Ministry of Railways implemented vehicle labeling management for vehicles, making China's three RFID radio frequency related companies unique in the world. Duan Wenbin is most proud of the fact that his company's equipment can keep up with the speed of 300 kilometers per hour of China's high-speed rail, while the American counterparts can only achieve 80 kilometers per hour.
Duan Wenbin belongs to the lucky. In the investigation, the use of products developed by innovative enterprises is limited, and even the phenomenon of domestic use is slower than foreign countries. Jiangsu Changzhou Carbon Star Technology Co., Ltd. is engaged in the development of graphene oil-water separation products. The oil-water separator prototype developed by it is used for oil recovery, and the cost per barrel of oil can be saved by US$5. However, what is more embarrassing is that this technology has attracted the attention of Mobil Oil Company a year ago and is now in the testing stage. A large oil field in China only came to dock after half a year.

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