The introduction of decentralized wind power for two years has come to a conclusion. Next, as planned, it will usher in an outbreak and become the dominant model for parallel development of wind power. Is everything ready?
On October 17, the second day of the Beijing International Wind Energy Conference. In room 103 on the first floor of the New International Exhibition, it was already packed. A big discussion about the domestic "decentralized wind power" is in full swing.
For optimists, decentralized wind power is implemented in the distribution network, which reduces the power loss caused by the transmission process and the impact on the power grid. This has become a new outlet for wind power industry development. In an interview with the reporter, Shanghai Electric Wind Energy Co., Ltd. engineer Jin Shen said, “In general, decentralized wind power is relatively small and close to the load center, so that it can solve the problem of wind power consumption to a certain extent. The development company has found a new breakthrough."
Pessimists believe that before the entire domestic power structure and way of thinking have not been completely changed, whether it is a large-scale centralized access or a decentralized access model, it is difficult to completely break the impact of wind power grid-connected on the power grid, and then trigger abandonment. Wind curtailment is also inevitable.
Shi Lishan, deputy director of the Department of Renewable Energy and New Energy of the National Energy Administration, summed up the development experience of wind power and said that in the future China will no longer blindly develop large-scale wind power bases and encourage decentralized development. The so-called decentralized access wind power projects refer to those wind power projects that are located near the center of the power load and are not used for large-scale long-distance transmission. The generated power is connected to the grid and locally consumed.
In China, although the policy level regards decentralized wind power as a breakthrough for dissolving wind power grid-connected consumption, the application prospect of decentralized wind power demonstration projects remains to be observed.
Limited demonstration experience
Two years ago, the National Energy Administration issued a series of documents to encourage wind power companies to conduct decentralized development and try to reverse the relatively concentrated pattern of wind power expansion.
According to statistics from Bloomberg New Energy Finance, China's onshore wind power installed capacity in 2012 was 15.9 million kilowatts, accounting for more than one-third of the world's new capacity, and the cumulative installed capacity reached 61 million kilowatts. In fact, the installed capacity surpassed the United States in 2010 to rank first in the world. However, in this "cyclone style" leap forward, there have been flashes of overheated investment, overcapacity, quality problems and many other industries "red light."
In fact, in the past, the country has consistently advocated the establishment of large bases for integration into large power grids, which has indeed promoted the development of the domestic wind power industry. At present, the state hopes to build on this basis and support areas where resources are not abundant, such as Guizhou, Tibet, Yunnan, Anhui and Sichuan, to develop low wind speed wind farms and promote decentralized development.
Xing Zuoxia, an associate professor at the School of New Energy Engineering at Shenyang University of Technology, told reporters: “In the wind power market, when centralized power generation cannot be completely sent out, it encourages wind power companies to develop in-depth. Then, incorporating some wind power into the existing distribution network can be Used locally, this is also a good choice."
In fact, Yu Wuming, deputy director of the National Wind Power Engineering Research Center, has similar views. At present, the domestic wind power market is also actively drawing lessons from European experience when faced with the difficult situation. He said that the European wind power market has always been more decentralized access methods, which allows it to be well integrated with the traditional power and power grid.
Although the total capacity of decentralized wind power is relatively small, it can be used to transport existing power grids, which has more flexibility, and thus enables the effective use of scattered wind energy resources and local consumption. Yu Wuming analyzed that “at home, a large number of wind curtailment restrictions have limited the space for wind power development; today, distributed wind power directly accesses the distribution network and reduces the distance of long-distance transmission. This is a new model. â€
As far as the actual situation is concerned, although the country has been pushing for two years and there are more than a dozen approved demonstration projects, there are not many people who actually put into operation. At present, the most well-known in the industry is the demonstration of six 1.5-megawatt wind turbines in the Huaneng Dingbian Wolf Valley ditch, and a 69,000-kilowatt decentralized wind power project in the Hami, Hami, Xinjiang.
In February of last year, the Huaneng Dingbian Demonstration Demonstration Wind Farm project was successfully put into operation, becoming the first decentralized demonstration project to be officially launched into the grid. It is understood that the wind farm uses two 10 kilovolt lines to send, using the fan-box transformer-distribution network access mode, to achieve the local consumption of wind power in the distribution network, on-site balance.
Previously, Zhang Xiaochao, general manager of Huaneng Dingbian New Energy Corporation, once stated that “the impact of wind turbines cutting into and out of the microgrid is very small and the changes in the trend are very smooth. It can be truly wind-generated, windless, and not generating electricity. In the event of a failure, it will affect the amount of power generated, but even so, it can be sent in two loops in turns, without the situation of abandoning the wind and limiting power."
What is different from Huaneng's decentralized demonstration project is that the China-Guangzhou Hami project is a relatively concentrated decentralized wind power development model. In other words, the wind power demonstrated by Hami was first connected to a 35-kilovolt substation and then distributed back to the load in the mining area. The Langergou wind power was relatively dispersed, and the six wind turbines generated electricity directly into the local distribution network.
In Xing Zuoxia's view, the decentralized approach helps to absorb wind power generation. The state wants to push this decentralization and promote the development of the wind power industry. Therefore, when deepening the further promotion and utilization of wind power, it can also ease the pressure on the power grid. Today, many provinces and regions, including Xinjiang, Yunnan, and Guizhou, are seeking demonstration projects for decentralized wind power. But in fact, the enthusiasm for promoting the project is not optimistic.
Island effect?
At the scene of the meeting, there were concerns that decentralized wind power may face the risk of islanding. "If the decentralized wind power supply is disconnected from the grid, it will make the decentralized power supply stand alone, creating an island-like phenomenon," the source said.
The questioning sounds followed. In Xing Zuoxia's view, decentralized wind power is relative to the centralized type, and it is more to solve the problem of wind power consumption, while distributed power generation is based on self-use. "There is a problem of isolated islands for self-occupation."
In fact, demonstration of decentralized wind power is also a result of frustration. In many people's eyes, distributed power generation, once placed high on expectations, "is not only self-contained, but also sells power to the power grid for revenue." Unfortunately, its domestic development has had to face the law. Constricted. According to the provisions of the “Electricity Lawâ€, only one power supply business organization can be established in a power supply business area; a power supply business organization that holds a “power supply business license†may apply to the industrial and commercial administrative department to obtain a business license before it can operate.
That is to say, the behavior of electricity sales by the owners of distributed generation is contrary to the existing "Power Law." This has become the biggest constraint of distributed generation.
Decentralized wind power avoids this problem. Since decentralized wind power access is the transmission of electricity to the power grid, various power generation companies do not directly participate in transactions. Prior to this, the National Energy Administration also proposed that “the power generated by the company will be all online, and the direct supply and self-use methods will not be considered for the time beingâ€. In addition, for power generation companies, the use of decentralized access still enjoys state subsidies.
Compared with the controversy over the existence of “islanding effect,†the enthusiasm of developing companies in the promotion of decentralized wind power is insufficient. In terms of scale, decentralized wind power is relatively small. According to the conditions for decentralized wind power project access, with the exception of demonstration projects, the total installed capacity of a single project does not exceed 50,000 kilowatts. However, from the perspective of the approval process, the declaration is the same as the large-scale wind power approval process.
As a wind power development company, the cost and profitability must be considered in the specific development and construction process. For owners, such a large scale is not necessarily beneficial. "It's not just a matter of running the same procedures. It's better to run a centralized wind farm directly. It's not worthwhile to make small projects." The wind power owner said.
When wind power sites are selected, decentralized wind power must consider the convenience of transportation in addition to the load and good wind resources. If a company wants to develop a road for the development of a 20,000-kilowatt project, it is obviously not worth building a road for 200,000 kilowatts.
At the same time, in order to adapt to the decentralized wind power access, the transformation of the original transformer equipment also requires input. Analysts pointed out that "similar to the transformation of transformation equipment costs, it is likely to be spread to the owners, and some things are not their power. Therefore, on the one hand need policy encouragement; on the other hand, it requires a lot of coordination."
From the point of view of technology itself, unlike large-scale grid-connected networks, decentralized access also requires good integration of associated parties such as distribution networks and substations. All these need to be further explored. At present, there are many constraints from the perspective of research.
According to Xing Zuoxia, the demonstration project is mainly limited, and it is difficult to promote it. In order to do research on decentralized wind power, more demonstration projects are needed at the beginning. The state should actively encourage demonstration projects and support its development in different regions of the country so as to better grasp the different situations in different regions.
Industry insiders suggested that “the development of decentralized wind power requires government agencies, development companies, and power grid companies to cooperate with each other to form a joint force in order to achieve a win-win situation.â€
Compression of coal power?
Currently, decentralized access to wind power has been identified by the country as a key development direction for the domestic wind power industry. According to the preliminary national plan, during the “12th Five-Year Plan†period, decentralized access to wind power will reach an installed capacity of 30 million kilowatts. This will mean that decentralized power generation will dominate the domestic wind power market with large-scale centralized grid-connected wind power for a long time to come.
The National Energy Administration has also planned to develop decentralized access wind power systems with small-scale, low-voltage, near-abatement, and direct access to distribution network systems. According to Xing Zuoxia, despite the current downturn in the wind power market, consumption problems may not be solved by half past one day, but the country will continue to support the wind power industry as always.
“Before, large-scale projects led to the present situation, and it would be unrealistic to solve them in one year. The construction of the power grid is more rigorous and more deployable, so it will take time. If the power grid comes up in the future, wind power will only need to be properly planned. , Orderly development is still a very bright industry." Xing Zuoxia said.
While decentralized wind power was controversial and slowly moving forward, Wang Zhongying, deputy director of the National Energy Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission, proposed subversive suggestions. “What is the key issue in the domestic integration of wind power grids, or the integration of renewable energy into the grid to eliminate difficulties?†he asked back.
He believes that the power generated by the new grid, like the West Inner Mongolia Power Grid, has been given away to wind power. Despite some technical difficulties, many problems have been solved. In other words, the proportion of clean energy power generation has risen, and the traditional proportion of coal and electricity has fallen. This is the trend of power structure adjustment.
Why can't we press coal power? “Each year there is a plan for electricity generation in the country. In 2012, the nation’s installed thermal power installations have been operating for 4,950 hours a year. In Western developed countries, the average annual operating time of coal power is 3,000 hours, which is even higher. If the coal power yields 2000 hours, In fact, the 800 megawatts of thermal power installed capacity will allow 800 megawatts of wind turbines to be installed at the peak. The reason is simple, he said.
In fact, the earliest coal-fired power plants in Europe were not willing to give way to wind power. Why give way to wind power? This requires the state to bind the grid companies in the form of laws and must first purchase wind power. For example, Germany once had a grid company refused to accept wind power and was punished. Because of legal protection, it must give priority to purchasing wind power. Conversely, thermal power companies cannot violate the law, and thermal power companies have to issue 5000 hours, which is also illegal. If you still want to share in the market and maintain your original interests, you must think of ways to improve technology.
According to Wang Zhongying, whether wind power generation in the future is a large-scale centralized or decentralized power generation, it is closely related to the development direction of the power system. The country continues to build a transmission network centered on coal-fired power, or constructs a transmission network with renewable energy such as wind power and solar energy, which may be the key to the successful deployment of decentralized wind power.
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