In recent years, with the implementation of the technical measures for the major remodeling, the problem of ventilation and light transmission of fruit trees has been greatly improved, and the output and quality of most orchards have been further improved, but some supporting management of some orchards has not been changed. The output of the shaped orchard is difficult to recover in the short term, and the efficiency is slow to increase, which has damped the enthusiasm of the fruit farmers to manage the orchard.
First, the main problems existing in the large remodeling park
1. During the process of large-scale remodeling, large wounds are caused by the removal of large branches, and improper protection increases the incidence of rot disease.
2, due to a large number of loose branches and happy, reduced growth points, so that fruit trees are relatively concentrated nutrients, plus the buds are not timely, the branches are not in place, the phenomenon of taking a long time is serious.
3. After the reshaping, the space in the tree is increased, and the result is reduced.
4, soil fertilizer and water management can not keep up, the tree is weak.
Second, the comprehensive management of large remodeling trees
1. Fertilizer management
According to the calculation of 3,000 kilograms of commercial fruit per mu, the application of pure nitrogen 18-23kg, pure phosphorus 18-23kg, pure potassium 25-30kg and the increase of 1000 kg of fruit yield on the basis of this increase of pure nitrogen 4-6kg, pure phosphorus 1 -2kg, pure potassium 1-8kg. The principle of fertilization is that the base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, the top dressing is mainly chemical fertilizer, the early application of heavy base fertilizer, timely and appropriate amount of topdressing, especially in mid-May, the application of heavy potassium fertilizer (potassium fertilizer is mainly pure potassium sulfate). In the early stage of foliar application, nitrogen fertilizer was the main factor, and potassium fertilizer was the main factor in the later stage. Increase the accumulation of organic matter in the tree to improve the quality of flower buds and ensure the safe wintering of the trees.
Promote the promotion of orchard grass and soil cover technology to increase soil organic matter content and soil water retention and fertilizer retention capacity. Grass plants are mainly planted with clover and ryegrass. Cover the tree tray with crop straw, weeds and pruned young branches to reduce soil moisture evaporation.
2, tree management
(1) Pay attention to the wound protection after reshaping. For wounds larger than 3cm in diameter, it is necessary to apply Guokangbao and 843 rehabilitative agents in time to reduce the occurrence of rot.
(2) Strengthening the bare parts of the branches that are left after the buds and branches are modified. In the spring before the germination and the time buds, the medium and short branches are promoted, the germination rate is increased, and the amount of branches is increased. According to the target tree shape, the Qiaohua tree pulls all the result branches on both sides of the main branch obliquely or sagging, and the branches on both sides of the dwarf tree are pulled horizontally or obliquely.
(3) Adopting a method of shrinking and combining the weakened branches to promote new branches, rejuvenate and renew, and keep the trees full and prosperous.
3, flower and fruit management
(1) Thinning and thinning
The yield and quality of fruit trees are the main components of the orchard production efficiency. Therefore, on the basis of orchard fertilizer management, it is the main measure to improve the yield and quality of orchard. According to the 3-4:1, the excessively weak squid branches are removed, and the stalks are retracted, and the short and short fruit branches and some long fruit branches are retained. During the separation period of the floret, a high quality medium is selected according to the spacing of 15-25 cm. Short branches or long inflorescences, extending the tip of the branch, the back of the branch, and excessive short branches and inflorescences. The selected inflorescences only retain the well-developed central flowers and one side of the flowers, and the remaining side flowers are completely removed. That is, after 2-3 weeks after Xiehua, choose to remove small fruit, diseased fruit, malformed fruit, skewed fruit and excessive side fruit; in the fourth week, the target yield of the different ages will be too much The dense young fruit is removed.
(2) Flower protection fruit
For the orchard with less flowering, various technical measures should be taken to ensure the fruit quality and ensure the high yield in small years. In the flowering period, spray 100g + honey or sucrose 1.0kg + borax 0.3kg + pollen 100g, or spray a 0.2%-0.3% Yiguoling or 0.05%-0.1% rare earth during the fruiting period. Micro-fertilizer, using bees and artificial flowering pollination, increase the fruit setting rate and promote the development of young fruit. Fruit bagging technology is implemented to reduce the risk of pests and diseases during fruit growth, reduce pesticide residues and improve fruit quality.
4, pest control
In accordance with the requirements for the production of green fruits, adhere to the principle of “preservation-based, comprehensive prevention and controlâ€, and rationally use various means of prevention and control to achieve the goal of “safety, efficiency and economy†and do a good job in the prevention and control of pests and diseases in the large remodeling park.
(1) Spraying 50% bactericidal water clearing agent 100 times liquid + 5% Nisolon emulsifiable concentrate 2000 times liquid or 3-5 wave melamine sulfur sulphide before germination to prevent rot and mites, mites, scale insects Wait.
(2) Inflorescence separation period spray 4% agricultural anti-120 water agent 800-1000 times liquid or 50% sulfur glue suspension 150 times liquid + (borax 300 times liquid + urea 1000 times liquid + honey 100 times liquid) control white powder Disease, mildew disease, spray 50% moth 1000 spirit 1000 times liquid or 10% nicotine emulsifiable oil 1500 times liquid to control leaf insect pests and mites
(3) Spray 15% of powdery rust-removable powder 1000 times liquid + 18.8% of avermectin 5000 times liquid + 50% carbendazim releasable powder 800 times solution, or 75% chlorothalonil after falling flowers Release powder 800 times liquid, or 4% agricultural anti-120 water agent 800 times liquid + 20% dead gelatin suspension 2500 times liquid + 10% imidacloprid releasable powder 4000 times liquid to prevent powdery mildew, early leaf disease , leafhopper, aphids, leaf roller moths and gold moths.
(4) Before the wheat harvest, the ground spray 32% phoxim microcapsule 100 times liquid or 40.7% of the espresso emulsifiable concentrate 300 times liquid to prevent the emergence of the peach small heartworm, spraying 1:2:200 times the amount of Bordeaux mixture or 40% more The mycelium releasable powder 800 times liquid prevents early defoliation.
(5) Spray 4% agricultural anti-120 water agent 800 times liquid + 80% spray release powder + 50% moth linger oil 1000 times liquid, or 50% chlorhexidine releasable powder 1500 times after wheat harvest Liquid + 2.5% Kung Fu EC 3000 times liquid to prevent early defoliation, heartworm and mites.
(6) In the first ten days of August, spray 2.5% kungfu emulsifiable concentrate 3000 times liquid + 62.25% Xianxian releasable powder 600 times liquid, or 20% anti-sweep emulsifiable concentrate 2000 times liquid + 40% Fuxing emulsifiable concentrate 8000 times liquid to control the heartworm , mites, mites and early defoliation.
(7) After picking the fruit, spray 50% carbendazim releasable powder 800 times liquid or 80% ethyl aluminum phosphate releasable powder 500 times liquid + 0.3% urea to protect the leaves, prolong the photosynthetic time, increase Dry matter accumulation.
(8) After the leaves, remove the litter of the orchard in time, scrape the old skin, whiten the tree trunk, cure the rot disease, reduce the wintering base of the pests and diseases, and ensure the safe wintering of the fruit trees.
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