Most of the domestic oilfields have entered the period of high water cut. Conventional plunger pumps are one of the major oil recovery methods. Due to factors such as high sand content, high water content, high salinity, high temperature steam heavy oil recovery, polymer injection and strong corrosive media environment, the average pump inspection period of piston pump wells is shorter and shorter, and some are not even To 30 days to check the pump, seriously affecting the development of oil fields. According to the plunger pump failure reasons, such as oil well water, sand, corrosion and scaling implant injection, high salinity, bottom hole temperature, the liquid medium corrosion, well structure and the plunger pump itself Structure does not meet the plunger and pump cylinder surface treatment and the surface material can not meet the demand, etc., plunger pump protection methods are varied, mainly in the following categories: Changes in pump structure In the sand production wells, the conventional plunger Pump often appear sand card plunger, sand buried sucker rod, sanding cylinder and plunger and other phenomena, the pump failure of premature. In response to these problems, pump developers designed a long plunger short pump sand control pump. In the production process, there is always a part of the plunger exposed to the pump cylinder, grit into the pump barrel and the plunger is not easy to enter the gap between the stop card to stop after the sand stuck sand or sand buried plug the accident effectively extended the well Free repair period. Some pumps also add some auxiliary components, such as up and down scraper cup, functional joints, the purpose is to further prevent sand deposition in the barrel between the self-rotating plunger plunger allows the plunger in each stroke of a random rotation, constantly Change the contact surface between the plunger and the pump cylinder so as to make the circumference of the plunger gradually wear evenly and discharge the sand or the scale from between the plunger and the pump barrel to solve the severe positioning and abrasion caused by the aggregation of abrasive materials and the column trip . In order to achieve the sand control effect, a gap free sealed oil pump and a piston oil pump have also been developed. Improve the shape of the groove on the plunger and groove position can play a certain amount of sand sand control effect. According to statistics, the plunger pump failure on the valve cover more prominent, the failure of the main form of fracture. Occurred in two parts: First, the valve cover at the oil hole; First, the connection rod and the upper thread roots. To this end, specially designed and developed on the anti-off on the valve cover to prevent the pump working on the valve cover fracture. Some pumps are also designed to have multiple swimming Versailles and fixed Versailles in order to prevent leaks between Vernier balls and Versailles. "Vacuum" chamber type double plunger pump is used to extract the viscous and viscous oil and water emulsion, it is the use of "vacuum" chamber when the pumping unit under the stroke caused by sucker rod and plunger Of the downward force, so that they produce downward forced movement. Diaphragm pump is used to extract the abrasive particles (such as sand and mechanical impurities) and corrosive media containing crude oil, which is the use of diaphragm pump will be the working elements to be protected against sand, salt and corrosive Fluid formation of the media contact, to extend the service life of the pump. Pump material and surface treatment improvements General liner material is 20CrMo carburizing or 38CrMoA nitriding, there are 45 steel electrochromic chrome, carbon steel plunger chrome plating treatment. Such cooperation does not meet the high sand, high salinity media environment, from the failure of the investigation and analysis of the point of view, with the deputy protective layer is easily damaged by abrasion of high hardness quartz sand, followed by serious electrochemical Corrosion, resulting in protective layer off, can cause serious pump accident. Judging from the current actual situation of the oilfield, the plunger using Ni-based spray coating alloy has been relatively common, can partially solve the above problems, but the effect is still not very good for serious sand or serious scaling. With the surface treatment technology and material processing technology improvements, will continue to introduce new plunger and pump cylinder material and surface treatment process, then pay particular attention to the plunger and the barrel of the material to optimize the match. Anton Valve Engineering Co., Ltd. is about to launch the special ceramic pump, will greatly enhance the plunger pump anti-sand, anti-scaling, anti-wear, high temperature performance in several areas. Valve and valve seat material most of 3Cr13, a few for the 6Cr18Mo and 9Cr18Mo. From the field of application of view, its hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance is poor caused by fixed valve damage, the main reason for failure. There are oilfield carbide car seat replace the original 6Cr18M, but note that the valve ball will increase the density of the pump resistance and pressure drop at the fixed valve. There are also ceramic Versailles and ceramic seat, ceramic Versaille may sometimes crack, also pay attention to use. Pump-related changes in the structure of the string Through the use of ultra-high strength sucker rod column, and in the bottom of the column to configure a certain weight of the weight bar to prevent the cylinder barrel bending and reduce the plunger and pump barrel wear and tear Manufacturing process As the pump column Plugs processing, material handling, assembly and other aspects of the existence of differences, the same specifications of the pump parameters can not be exactly the same, it will cause a variety of unexpected accidents, the process of strengthening the quality control. Other measures such as the use of low-stroke long-stroke low-stroke parameters to match; select adequate liquid supply wells and to maintain the same pump efficiency, the pump should be slightly larger than the submerged pump design can also extend the pump to some extent Service life.
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