Since 2013, the large-scale use of imported sorghum in feed has become a hot spot in the market. The cost of saving more than 100 yuan per ton is the driving force for the increase in consumption. It is not enough to know how much cost can be saved. Knowing how to use it is the key. From this point of view, the diversification of feed ingredients will inevitably promote the industry to improve the traditional formula thinking, according to the characteristics of different raw materials, targeted adjustment of feed additives (vitamins, amino acids, enzyme preparations, micro-mines, etc.) components gradually become a trend.
Dr. NasOser Odetallah, Global Technical Service Manager of Novus International, put forward two major challenges in the use of feed ingredients in the “Nuoweisi Feedstock Sustainability Application Training Seminar·Xi'anâ€. There are three major directions for cracking, among which First, the rational use of enzyme preparations can not only improve the digestibility of feed ingredients, but also promote intestinal health and reduce environmental pollution. In particular, he pointed out that in sorghum-based diets, the use of CIBENZA® DP100 (Saihe® DP100) can break the disulfide bonds in sorghum and keratin, thereby efficiently degrading complex protein structures and increasing nutrients. Utilization, maximizing sorghum feeding value.
Two major challenges in the use of feed ingredients
Advances in breeding technology have enabled animals to achieve better performance while setting new standards for nutritional needs. In the case of broilers, from the 120-day growth cycle of the 1950s to the present, it has been shortened to less than 40 days, and the feed conversion rate has dropped from more than 2.5 to less than 1.7, which means higher nutritional requirements - amino acids, energy, and trace amounts. The concentration and quality of nutrients such as elements need to be increased accordingly, and the availability requirements are higher.
In this situation, the demand for traditional feed ingredients such as corn and soybean meal has increased significantly, and the shortage of resources due to the regional changes in the global supply of raw materials and seasonality has driven the price increase, and feed producers will choose cheap alternatives. Raw materials, such as sorghum, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, etc., to reduce costs. But this also brings problems: such as large variations in nutrients; due to the higher level of anti-nutritional factors in alternative raw materials, the dosage is limited, resulting in insufficient nutrient density required by animals.
On the whole, the two major challenges currently facing the application of feed ingredients are: variability of raw nutrients; anti-nutritional factors and low-digestibility raw materials have a negative impact on production performance.
The nutrients of raw materials are changeable, and the value of cheap raw materials is greatly increased. High-level feeds such as corn, soybean meal, wheat, and high-quality animal protein have the least negative impact on production performance; but medium-quality raw materials such as barley, plant seeds, and animal protein by-products contain anti-nutritional factors. And the digestibility is medium, the amount of addition will be limited, the general addition amount is limited to 5% -10%; for low-quality raw materials, such as bran, rough-processed feathers and animal by-products, due to high levels of anti-nutritional factors The digestibility is low and the amount added is limited to 1% - 4%.
If the ingredients that cannot be digested by endogenous enzymes, that is, the nutrients that are wasted, improve the digestibility or reduce the anti-nutritional factors, the feed rate of medium digestibility or even low digestibility can also be higher than the normal addition level, which is invisible. The use value of raw materials - this also means that cheap raw materials contain more exogenous protease substrates, and the value of the space is increased!
It should also be noted that the amino acid digestibility of the same feed ingredients varies greatly, depending on the crop variety, the receiving season, and the geographical origin. Raw materials from different sources, such as DDGS, have a higher difference in amino acid digestibility, and even production batches can have an impact. Even for soybean meal, the amino acid digestibility varies greatly depending on the source. If it cannot be used accurately, it will affect the uniformity of production and waste.
Anti-nutritional factors and low-digestibility raw materials not only affect production performance, but also have a negative impact on the environment. For young animals, the lack of digestive enzymes in the first day leads to the inability of the anti-nutritional factors to degrade, which may affect the intestinal health barrier, increase the probability of intestinal disorders, and cause delayed and slow intestinal development, resulting in Not only can the standard growth rate of animals be reached, but also the morbidity and mortality will increase. At the same time, nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and amino acids are wasted and have a negative impact on the environment.
3 ways to improve the digestibility of raw materials
In order to improve the protein digestibility of feed ingredients, improve the absorption and utilization of nutrients, and reduce the impact of anti-nutritional factors, it can be achieved through three ways: First, improve the processing technology of plant raw materials, such as using high temperature and high pressure, solvent extraction, etc. The second method is to carry out physical treatment such as grinding, granulating and pressing; and the third is to use exogenous enzymes.
The three major benefits of using proteases
Improve nutrient digestibility, reduce formulation costs, and increase formulation flexibility. Studies have shown that the use of CIBENZA® DP100 protease can increase the apparent total intestinal digestibility of corn-soybean-type diets, which is more effective for low-protein diets. It can also significantly increase the apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids, and improve the apparent ileal digestibility of tryptophan (up 7.2%). Experiments have shown that the use of CIBENZA® DP100 can compensate for the 15% deficiency of standard ileal digestible lysine, which can undoubtedly reduce feed costs and increase formulation flexibility.
Reduce trypsin inhibitor (anti-nutritional factor) activity. High protein digestibility raw materials also contain protein anti-nutritional factors, such as soybean meal containing allergic glycinin and β-conglycinin, which may cause intestinal inflammation and consume energy and protein for growth; Kaffirin and cottonseed meal contain cottonseed phenol.
According to the results of CIBENZA® DP100 protease in several soybean meal tests, CIBENZA® DP100 can greatly hydrolyze allergenic proteins in soybean meal, which means that more soybean meal can be used in conservation diets to reduce costs and reduce inflammation. risk.
Taking sorghum as an example, the anti-nutritional factor sorghum in sorghum is combined with starch granules, and the prolamin can be used to destroy the prolamin so that the starch is in contact with the endogenous enzyme. Experiments have shown that the use of CIBENZA® DP100 protease in high-level sorghum broiler diets can significantly increase body weight and feed conversion for 42 days.
Improve intestinal health. Indigestible proteins that flow to the hindgut are fermented, causing intestinal lesions and inhibiting growth. Studies have shown that CIBENZA® DP100 also has a significant effect in improving intestinal health, mainly by improving ileal villus height to improve intestinal performance, reduce protein fermentation, and inhibit the growth of undesirable bacteria. Even in high protein diets, the same stool scores as low protein diets are still available.
Taken together, proteases can improve protein digestibility, release more available amino acids, and reduce the anti-nutritional effects of indigestible proteins in the hindgut. This brings three benefits: first, to improve production performance, second, to protect the health of the intestines, and third, to reduce nitrogen pollution.
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