As a typical clean and renewable energy, biogas is a kind of bio-natural gas produced by anaerobic digestion process of human and animal manure, straw, sludge and other organic wastes. It has the characteristics of high calorific value and low production energy consumption. It is one of the most promising biomass energy sources for industrialization, and it is also of great significance for alleviating China's energy crisis and environmental protection. The high concentration of H2S (0.1-2%) in biogas has severely restricted its use due to its strong corrosiveness and odor. Therefore, in order to use biogas energy safely and greenly, the biogas must be desulfurized before use.
Currently, physical and chemical methods and biological methods are the main representative methods of biogas desulfurization. Among them, physicochemical methods include chemical oxidation, physical adsorption, and low temperature separation. Such desulfurization methods need to consume a large amount of chemical reagents or adsorbents. At the same time, oxygen must be used to replace adsorbed H2S to achieve the regeneration of adsorbents and absorbents. Therefore, high energy consumption is required, and discarded adsorbents or absorbents, such as Fe2O3 and Fe3O4, will also cause serious secondary pollution problems. The biological method is mainly represented by aerobic desulfurization and anoxic desulfurization, the main difference is the difference of the electron acceptor. Aerobic desulfurization uses oxygen as the electron acceptor. When performing the desulfurization process, it is often necessary to pump an appropriate amount of air into the biogas to provide the electron acceptor required for H2S reduction-oxygen. The nitrogen in the pumped air not only dilutes methane Content, reducing the calorific value of biogas, if improperly controlled, it will also increase the risk of explosion. Anoxic desulfurization will avoid such problems. The nitrate nitrogen used is a water-soluble water pollutant. In the desulfurization process, not only can the desulfurization and purification of biogas be achieved, but also a certain degree of solution to the problem of nitrogen pollution in water. enhancement. The ammonia nitrogen in the biogas slurry can be aerated and nitrified to provide the nitrate nitrogen required for the above-mentioned anoxic desulfurization. According to this idea, under the guidance of researcher Yan Zhiying, Zeng Yong, a graduate student of the Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, pioneered the use of nitrified biogas slurry to provide electron acceptors required by desulfurization strains to achieve simultaneous biogas desulfurization biogas slurry desulfurization The new idea of ​​nitrogen has also been confirmed by multiple studies afterwards.
The researchers used the simulated wastewater containing sulfur and nitrogen pollutants to conduct the preliminary research on the principle. Not only did the system choose the most suitable filler and key control parameters for the system, but also further elaborated the sulfur and nitrogen redox processes and the order of electron transfer. On the basis of obtaining the optimized packing and key control parameters in the previous stage, by comparing the changes in biogas desulfurization efficiency and microbial population structure when performing biogas desulfurization studies by simulating nitrate-containing wastewater and nitrified biogas slurry as nutrient solution, preliminary The application potential of biogas slurry for biogas desulfurization after nitrification is confirmed. Based on the synchronous desulfurization and denitrification reactor constructed with the biotrickling filter as the reactor, the biogas denitrification after nitrification was used as the nutrient solution, and the sulfur-containing biogas was used as the target gas. A 122-day biogas desulfurization study was carried out. The research results show that at different loads (12.01-89.74 g-H2S m-3h-1), empty tower residence time (1710-342 s), drip filtration rate (2.63-9.47 m / h), liquid level / filler height —H liquid / H fill (1/6, 1/3, 1/2), restart (25 days outage) and other parameters under the conditions of the system shows an average 95% H2S removal efficiency, 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing results It shows the stability of microbial population structure under different conditions. At the same time, the study also used metagenomics technology to analyze the differential metabolic pathways of sulfur and nitrogen pollutants under different sulfur loading conditions, and analyzed the technical principles of the entire process from the genetic level. The above research results not only confirmed the good operation effect of biogas desulfurization using biogas slurry after nitrification as nutrient liquid, but also no pollutant introduction (chemically produced nitrate nitrogen) and no waste gas in the whole production process. The emissions are consistent with the sustainable development of clean production mode. The proposal of this process route not only provides a new process option for biogas desulfurization production, but also provides good direction guidance for the subsequent biogas desulfurization research work. The above research results were published in 3 journals including Journal of Cleaner Production, International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation and Process Biochemistry.
The research was supported by the National Natural Science Youth Fund (No. 51408579) and the National Key Research and Development Program (No. 2017YFD0800803-02).
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