Agricultural Control
1. Select non-toxic seedlings to determine the reasonable planting density. When building a garden, it is necessary to use high-quality seedlings with strong growth, developed roots and no pests and diseases. The garden should choose fresh air, pure water, uncontaminated soil, flat terrain, open terrain, sufficient sunshine, soil fertility, and good irrigation and drainage conditions. The soil does not contain natural harmful and toxic substances, and the soil minerals are within the normal range, and there is no pesticide residue or pollution. To be properly planted. The planting depth is suitable for the roots of the seedlings to be level with the ground. It is not allowed to plant too deep, which affects the growth of the trees. It is necessary to determine the reasonable density. If the density is too dense, the canopy will be closed, the relative humidity in the garden will increase, the light will be insufficient, and the branches will be long. The growth branches are slender, and the disease resistance is reduced, which creates conditions for the occurrence of various diseases and insect pests. If the planting is too thin, the use of light energy and ground power is uneconomical. Generally, the plant spacing is 2 meters × 3 meters, 3 meters × 4 The density of the two species is more reasonable.
2. Add organic fertilizer to improve the nutrient level of the tree and enhance the ability to resist pests and diseases. The purpose of adding organic fertilizer is to enhance soil organic matter content, improve soil permeability and soil structure, to promote the growth of winter jujube roots, enhance tree potential, and improve the resistance of trees to pests and diseases. The time of use of organic fertilizers is generally in autumn. (September to November) or Hunchun (March to April), but it is best to apply in early autumn.
3, scrape the trunk of the old skin, remove the leaves of the jujube disease, reduce the number of wintering pests. After the leaves of the jujube trees fall in autumn, before the germination of the jujube trees, the old skin on the main trunk and the main branches are scraped off, and they are taken out of the garden and burned to kill the pests that overwinter in the winter. When scraping old skin, pay attention to see red (wood plug layer), no white (phloem), apply lime water with lime, salt and water 1:0.5:100 after scraping, which has the function of sterilization and cold protection. After the fall leaves in autumn, the leaves, weeds, diseased fruits, and integrated winter shears of the jujube gardens are cleaned in time to remove the pests and branches, and they are taken out of the garden together with the old skin to reduce the number of wintering pests.
4, pour the frozen water, deep turn. Before the freezing, the whole garden was deep-turned one by one to destroy the wintering chambers in the soil to reduce the survival of the pests. The depth of deep-depth is generally 20 cm to 30 cm, and then water is poured once.
5, the tree tray is covered with plastic film tape, and the insects are on the tree. In the early spring, the film was covered with a film of 1 m × 1 m to prevent the wintering pests such as jujube lines and peach heartworms from being unearthed in the soil. A plastic film strip 10 cm wide is attached to the trunk 30 cm from the ground. The plastic film is required to be in close contact with the trunk, which can prevent the pests and other pests from laying on the trees.
6, timely thinning and fruit thinning, scientifically determine the reasonable load of the tree. The amount of winter jujube is very large, and the normal fruit setting rate is only about 1%. Excessive flowers will consume nutrients, so it is necessary to timely flower. The standard of winter jujube retention is generally 1 fruit for strong tree, 1 fruit for jujube tree, 1 fruit for jujube tree, and 1 fruit for weak tree. It is necessary to timely thin fruit, maintain the strong tree potential of jujube trees, prevent excessive consumption of nutrients, cause the tree to weaken, and reduce the ability to resist pests and diseases.
7. Reasonable shaping and trimming to improve the structure of the tree. Winter jujube is generally used in three types: main sparse layer shape, small crown sparse shape, and free spindle shape. Scientifically shape the tree according to the selected tree shape, and timely remove the long branches, dense branches, overlapping branches, competition branches, introverts, diseased branches, slender branches, injured branches, and pay attention to the protection of the cutting edge after pruning. In the spring, after germination, it is necessary to wipe out the excess sprouting in time. For the branches without development space, it is necessary to pick up the branches in time, and pull the branches to the branches that grow upright. The general angle is between 60 degrees and 80 degrees, and the trunk is higher. Timely heading to increase the ability of the tree to transmit light and light, creating an environment that is not conducive to the growth of pests and diseases.
8, the trunk tied with grass will lure the winter pests. In autumn (September), the trunk is tied to the grass to trap the pests in the winter. After the leaves are frozen, they are taken out of the garden and burned out to destroy the pests in the grass.
9, reasonable topdressing, timely supplementation of trace elements. Pay attention to the reasonable ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements when topdressing. Topdressing is generally carried out three times a year, before the germination, flowering and fruiting period, and fruit expansion period. The main factors are available nitrogen and phosphorus before germination, and the saplings are applied with 0.1 mg to 0.2 kg of diammonium phosphate. The aged tree plant is administered with diazo phosphate from 0.3 kg to 0.4 kg. At the end of May, the flowering and fruiting period was dominated by nitrogen fertilizer. The saplings were applied with urea from 0.1 kg to 0.2 kg, and the mature trees were applied with urea from 0.25 kg to 0.4 kg. In the early July, the young fruit should be fertilized with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element compound fertilizer. The young tree plant should be applied 0.4-0.5 kg, and the mature tree plant should be 0.6 kg-1 kg. Foliar fertilization has a quick effect and obvious effect. From the start of germination to 1 month before harvesting, foliar spray can be applied once every half month, or combined with spraying. Foliar spray fertilizer should choose the type of fertilizer according to the nutritional status of the tree. For example, spraying urea and borax during flowering can increase the fruit setting rate. The iron deficiency yellow leaves should be sprayed with 0.3% to 0.5% ferrous sulfate or 1000 in time. Double Ryan 2, calcium deficiency can spray 800 times of rare earth calcium, can also use the characteristics of Phosphoptera adults to avoid phosphorus, spraying 0.3% ~ 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or The superphosphate leaching solution reduces the amount of egg dropping in the tree soil. After harvesting, it can spray 1% urea to enhance the nutrient storage of the tree, which is conducive to safe wintering of the tree.
Diseases can be controlled by various agricultural antibiotics. For example, bacterial diseases can be sprayed with agricultural streptomycin 100-140μ/ml. The fungal disease can be 600 times more than the antibiotic 120 antibiotic. The mites can be controlled with 980 times of Averm, such as worms, and the BT can be controlled by 200 times of BT preparations, such as aphids, spider mites, scale insects, stalks, and cotton bollworms to protect natural enemies such as grass mites. Control can also be controlled by releasing Trichogramma during the spawning period of Lepidoptera pests. At the same time, in the garden, attention should be paid to protecting natural enemies such as ants, frogs and some beneficial birds, and in the middle of the garden, some crops that natural enemies like to inhabit can be used to attract natural enemy insects.
Physical and mechanical control.
1. Killing and killing method: It can be carried out in the whole growth period of winter jujube trees. Artificially catching the pests such as the beetle, the jujube, and the jujube armyworm in the garden, or in the oviposition period of the yellow spotted moth, cotton bollworm and other pests.
2. The trap method. (1) Light trapping. In the period of pests such as cotton bollworm, black light is placed in the jujube garden, a water basin is placed under the lamp, and a solution containing 0.3% of the washing powder is placed. (2) Yellow plate attracting and attracting powder. It is made by using aphids and white mites to select a rectangular wooden board (30 cm × 50 cm) for yellow. It is fixed by square cabinets around, and a pillar is added to the left and right sides. The board is coated with yellow advertising paint, and the board is covered with two A layer of plastic film, coated with engine oil or petroleum jelly, can be inserted into the winter jujube dense planting garden. Yellow paper strips coated with oil can also be hung on the branches. (3) Sweet and sour pots. Put the sweet and sour liquid (250 grams of brown sugar, 500 grams of vinegar, 5 kilograms of water) into a waste can bottle and hang it on the tree.
Chemical control must choose to use non-polluting organisms, animal sources and specific pesticides, inorganic pesticides and mineral pesticides. For example, before the germination of jujube trees, you can use Bomei 3 to 5 degrees of stone sulphur mixture for spraying. In the growing season, you can use Green Shield Feng 1000 times spray. When chemical pesticides have to be used, it is necessary to strictly implement the safe period of application, and it is forbidden to apply chemical pesticides one month before picking the fruit.
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