Abstract: Remanufacturing is an advanced stage of maintenance development. It is an important component of advanced manufacturing. It is the industrialization of high-tech repair and transformation of waste products. Remanufacturing has the characteristics of “two-type society and five-six-sevenâ€. China's economic and social development has a very urgent need for remanufacturing, and the initial application of remanufacturing has also achieved very obvious energy saving and emission reduction effects. Internationally, the United States has a relatively complete remanufacturing system. In the past 10 years, China's remanufacturing has developed rapidly. It has made great achievements in remanufacturing policies, regulations, industrial practices and basic research, and has become one of the world's remanufacturing centers. The future development of remanufacturing can be summarized as “exploring the scientific basis of remanufacturing, key technologies for innovative remanufacturing, and setting industry standards for remanufacturingâ€.
Key words: remanufacturing engineering; research status; development trend
1. The connotation and scope of research
In the 100 years of the 20th century, the material wealth created by mankind exceeded the historical total of 5,000 years, but it also consumed the earth's resources extremely, exceeding the resilience of nature. In order to alleviate the contradiction between limited resources and excessive consumption, and maximize the use of the residual value of waste products, in the 1990s, the United States established a 3R system from an industrial perspective (Reuse reuse, Recycle recycling, Remanufacture remanufacturing); Japan The 3R system (Reduce Reduction, Reuse Reuse, Recycle Recycling) has also been established from the perspective of environmental protection. On the basis of summarizing the experiences of countries around the world, China creatively proposes a 4R system with Chinese characteristics (Reduce Reduction, Reuse Reuse, Recycle Recycling, Remanufacture Remanufacturing).
Remanufacturing parts of used products as blanks, mainly using advanced surface engineering techniques as a means of repair (ie, preparing a thin layer of wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, fatigue-resistant surface coating on the surface of damaged parts), so whether it is a blank The source is still a remanufacturing process. The demand for energy and resources, and the emission of waste gas are extremely low and have a high degree of greenness. Remanufacturing has the following important characteristics: the quality and performance of the remanufactured product meets or exceeds the prototype new product, the cost does not exceed 50% of the prototype new product, the energy saving is 60%, the material is 70%, and the adverse impact on the environment is significantly reduced, which effectively promotes the resource. The construction of a conservation-oriented and environment-friendly society [1]. The above characteristics can be summarized as: "two-type society, five six six."
The emergence of remanufacturing has improved the connotation of the whole life cycle, so that the product is no longer “thrown†into solid waste at the end of the life cycle, that is, in the scrapping stage. Remanufacturing not only makes the waste products come back to life, but also solves the problems of resource conservation and environmental pollution. Therefore, remanufacturing is the extension and expansion of the product life cycle, giving new life to waste products and forming a multi-life cycle of products. This is an important theoretical achievement for the remanufacturing of the circular economy.
The research content of remanufacturing is very extensive and runs through the life cycle of the product, reflecting profound fundamental and scientific. In the product design phase, the remanufacturing design of the product should be considered; in the service to retirement phase of the product, the life cycle information tracking of the product should be considered; in the scrapping phase of the product, non-destructive disassembly and low emission of the product should be considered. Physical cleaning, the failure analysis of parts and the exploration of the evolution of residual life, the design, preparation and processing of surface coatings with high bonding strength and good tribological properties at the failure parts of the parts, as well as surface coating Mechanical leveling and quality control of parts and parts with oversized parts.
2. The urgency and significance of remanufacturing
China has entered the peak period of scrapping machinery and equipment, and remanufacturing is imperative. At present, there are more than 2 million traditional old machine tools with a national service age of more than 10 years. 80% of the in-service construction machinery exceeds the warranty period; about 5 million vehicles are scrapped annually, 16 million computers, televisions and refrigerators are scrapped, and 20 million mobile phones are scrapped. The Ministry produces about 800 million tons of solid waste each year. These devices have great potential for remanufacturing.
The operational losses of in-service mechanical equipment in China are very alarming, and remanufacturing is imperative. Taking corrosion and wear as an example, in 2003, the Chinese Academy of Engineering issued a corrosion investigation report: in 2002, China lost nearly 600 billion yuan due to corrosion, accounting for 5% of GDP in that year. In 2007, the Chinese Academy of Engineering released a tribological investigation report [3]: in 2006, the loss caused by friction and wear in the country was as high as 950 billion yuan, accounting for 4.5% of the GDP of the year. The two losses totaled 1.55 trillion yuan, a rough estimate of 9.5% of GDP, while developed countries only reached 4-5%. If effective repair and remanufacturing measures can be taken to recover 10% of the losses, it will save 155 billion yuan annually.
The social benefits of remanufacturing are enormous. Compared with related manufacturing, the number of employed people in remanufacturing is 1-3 times. In 2005, the US remanufacturing industry had an annual production value of 75 billion US dollars and employed 1 million employees. In the same year, the output value of the US computer manufacturing industry was equivalent, with only 350,000 employees, indicating that the manufacturing industry has significant job creation and reemployment. Ability.
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