Must see! Efforts at evacuating people-intensive places

Moscow fire

Large shopping malls local time on October 8, about 60 km from Moscow, a company called "syndicate (SINDIKA)" of the fire.

This mall is located in the northwest of Moscow, with a total area of 150,000 square meters. According to the news of the “Moscow Evening News” website, in the afternoon of the same day, the shopping mall fell on the first floor and began to catch fire. The fire quickly spread to the entire mall. According to the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations, two people were injured in the fire and over 3,000 people were evacuated. The mall's burned area reached 55,000 square meters .

To extinguish the fire, the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations dispatched 28 ground equipment, two cards and 32 helicopters, and nearly 100 firefighters.

According to Russian media quoted the news from Russia's Tas, the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations stated that the fire site was an underground parking lot. The same source also stated that several cars in the underground parking lot exploded.

The cause of the current fire is not yet clear. Russian experts estimated that the damage caused by the fire is about 5.5 to 6.5 billion rubles (about 100 million to $ 117 million).

With the development of society, the frequency of fires is getting higher and higher, and in the tens of thousands of annual occurrences in our country, fires in densely populated areas occupies a considerable proportion, and group-related casualty-related fire accidents are common occurrences due to crowded places. After the fire, the loss was too heavy and the social influence was extremely bad. Therefore, the prevention and control of fires in crowded places is an important goal and urgent task of the current firefighting work.

What is a crowded place?

Person-intensive places refer to public gathering places, hospital outpatient buildings, ward building, school teaching buildings, libraries, canteens, and collective dormitories, nursing homes, welfare homes, nurseries, kindergartens, public library reading rooms, and public exhibition halls. Exhibition halls of museums, production and processing workshops of labor-intensive enterprises, collective dormitory for employees, places for tourism and religious activities, etc.

The cause of fire in crowded places

1. The general increase in the use of fire, water, oil, and gas increases the risk of fire.

2. Fire safety management does not attach importance to economic efficiency and neglects safety measures.

3 , flammable, flammable, explosive materials, concentrated decoration and decoration materials are mostly flammable, explosive and toxic gases generated after burning the material.

4. Ineffective rectification of hidden dangers, failure to implement firefighting funds, and arrears of fire-fighting facilities.

5 , the lack of relevant fire regulations, to radically reduce the intensity of fire hazards.

Fire characteristics in crowded places

Heavy casualties: When a fire occurs in a centralized place, a large amount of smoke and poisonous gas can make the sight of the trapped person unclear, and poisoning and unconsciousness will soon appear. The burning high temperature and hot air flow make people Unbearable, easily panicked, frightened and rushed to escape, crowded each other, even if not burned and smoked, it is very likely to be trampled by casualties, and crowded crowds will inevitably lead to slow evacuation, increase poisoning, suffocation and death The possibility.

Large economic losses: With the development of China's economic construction of reform and opening up, the rapid growth of social material wealth and commodity circulation, the unprecedented expansion of the scale of development of personnel-intensive places, and presents a momentum of more than three. There are more and more comprehensive high-rise buildings and underground projects that combine shopping, entertainment, catering and accommodation. There are more and more large-scale shopping malls, large-scale culture and gymnasiums. Their decoration is expensive, and there are many flammable and explosive items. The equipment, property, and goods in circulation are of high value, and personnel are also concentrated in these places. Once a fire occurs, economic losses and casualties are serious.

Person-intensive facility fire risk

1, centralized personnel, evacuation difficulties, could easily lead to heavy casualties

2, interior decoration, decoration extensive use of flammable, combustible material

3 , more electricity equipment, more ignition sources, should not be controlled

4, the fire spread quickly, fighting hard

Evacuate skills in densely populated places

1 , to escape along the evacuation signs. Every intensive area has an evacuation indicator on the evacuation channel. When it is impossible to identify the direction of escape, it must escape in the direction indicated by the evacuation indicator. It must be evacuated in an orderly manner, and it must not be run in disorder in order to avoid stampede accidents. .

2 , homemade equipment escape. After a fire in a densely populated area, more escape tools are available. Such as towel, curtain cloth soaked mouth, nose, as a smoke tool; the use of ropes, carpets, curtains to open up the escape channel.

3. Use building facilities to escape. You can use a drip pipe, a protruding part outside the house, and a window that opens to the outside to escape, or move to a safe area and look for escape opportunities. Be bold and careful, especially those who are old, weak, sick, disabled, women, children, etc., must not be blindly engaged, otherwise they are prone to casualties. Remember not to jump to escape.

4. Find a refuge escape. In a situation where there is no way to escape, you should actively seek refuge. For example, to the balcony, the floor flat waiting for rescue; choose the fire, smoke is difficult to spread the room, such as toilets, security room, etc., close the doors and windows, plug the gap. Regardless of daytime or nighttime, trapped persons should call for help and send out a variety of distress signals to arouse the rescuers' attention and help to break away.

5. Prevent smoke from entering the mouth during escape. Use fire-fighting self-rescue breathing apparatus to protect the head and adopt a low-profile walking or crawling method to reduce the harm of smoke on the human body. When escaping from the smog area, pay attention to running in a bright place or in an open space outside, and try to run below the floor as much as possible because the fire is mainly spread upward.

Evacuation to save people's attention

In a densely-populated place of fire, the situation is complex and personnel are crowded. Attention should be paid to the following issues in evacuation:

1. Pay attention to whether the number of channels and channels are artificially blocked. Many buildings constructed at an earlier time, the width of the evacuation passages and the number of stairs and safety exits could not meet the requirements. In the event of a fire, personnel were trapped in bag-shaped walkways or rooms. Although some buildings have high fire resistance, they are single-family and usually have only one staircase. Once a fire occurs in a lower level, people above the fire floor cannot escape. There are also some organizations that have severely hindered the evacuation of people by illegally locking the main entrances and exits or adding gates to roll gates, etc. on the grounds of strengthening internal safety management.

2 , pay attention to timing, prevent confusion. At the early stage of a fire in a centralized place of personnel, when people do not know that a fire has occurred and that there are many people and the evacuation conditions are poor, they should first notify the personnel in the vicinity of the exit or in the most unfavorable area to carry out evacuation, and then publicly notify the other persons according to the situation and inform other people of the evacuation. . When the fire is fierce, it should be publicly announced at the same time so that all personnel are sparse.

3 , pay attention to evacuation time. There was a fire in the public entertainment venue. Require people to be evacuated within 3 to 6 minutes, otherwise there is danger of death. Therefore, the evacuation organizers should try to ensure that the personnel evacuated within a stipulated time or evacuated the area full of fireworks.

4. If necessary, take compulsory counseling. When the fire has blocked the evacuation routes and the people are flustered and chaotic, the public security firefighters should immediately organize their forces to fully intercept the fire, cover the evacuation, and try to stop the flow of people and take forced dredging measures to evacuate people out of danger. Area to prevent casualties.

5. Establish alert at the mouth. Set up alert at the exit to prevent family members from finding relatives from entering the fire zone.

6 , to count the number of people. Count the number of rescuers to see if they are all rescued.

7 , rescue personnel to do a good job of personal protection. When firefighters enter the fire area to save, in addition to their own safety equipment, they should also consider carrying some safety protection equipment for the rescue of trapped persons, as necessary, if necessary. Protection to ensure maximum life-saving.

Person-intensive places fire prevention measures

1 , strictly implement the fire safety responsibility

2, carry out a comprehensive fire safety inspection

3 , ensure the fire facilities are intact and effective

4 , Strictly use fire gas power management

5 , strict flammable and explosive dangerous goods management

6, to carry out full fire training exercises

7 , to ensure the fire safety of large-scale activities

8. It is strictly forbidden to over use and control the flow of people.

9 , equipped with evacuation escape equipment

10 , actively report fire hazards

In short, people-intensive places are mostly public entertainment places and service places. They are mainly places for people to work, live, study and play, etc. They are mainly large-scale shopping malls, bazaars, libraries, science and technology museums, and stations. Piers and other places of life, song and dance halls, theaters, stadiums, video halls, fitness studios and leisure entertainment. These places are also the focus of flammable and explosive materials, and most of them are special building facilities (underground, high-rise) fires. The key to extinguishing the fire is to rescue and evacuate the personnel. In the event of evacuation of the personnel, in accordance with the fire-fighting measures for densely populated areas, attention should be paid to smoke exhaust, the first amount of motive power, the familiarity with the unit's situation and its own safety equipment. In addition, everyone should also pay attention to strengthening their own security measures and emergency response capabilities.

The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.