The soil problem is a big problem that we must pay attention to. From July 2010 to the present, we have found that the soil problem is the fundamental problem that restricts the income generation of fruit farmers and the development of fruit industry. After a heavy rain in Haiyang in July 2010, we encountered several households in a week who reported to us that their orchard fruit trees had died five or six trees. The speed was very fast. There were no symptoms before. What are we going to do? To prevent and control. This year's problem is even more serious. Our agrochemical service team has a problem in the entire Jiaodong area, no matter in which areas, such as weak fruit trees, poor pollination, small leaves, yellow leaves, dead branches, etc., the root causes of these problems. It is the root of the fruit tree that is broken. Why is there a problem with the root system? It is a problem with the land we live on.
Our fruit growers are very cute and very naive. Every year, I hope that my fruit trees will have a long-term fruit (large, good light, good coloration, fruit type, no disease). For these reasons, I don’t want to pay for labor. Pesticides and fertilizers, think that the medicine has been hit (what medicine is used), the fertilizer has been used (the scientific use is reasonable), the first fruit has grown, and the result is the harvest season, dumbfounded: the first rate is very low, and I don’t know. where is the problem. There is a saying that is good: give it first, then ask for it. It should be said that most fruit farmers have not done it. We have not taken care of our land, but we are constantly asking for it. Therefore, the soil problem has become an important issue that we must seriously consider now and in the future.
Soil environmental degradation performance
1. The ability of soil to regulate water is reduced, and it is easy to dry. The soil compaction causes the water to stay on the surface of the soil. When it rains, the rainwater cannot infiltrate, causing disasters; when it is dry, the surface water evaporates and forms a drought.
2. The soil permeability is reduced, which inhibits the respiration of crop roots, which is not conducive to the absorption of water and fertilizer by crops, resulting in weak roots, rotten roots, dead roots and weak trees.
3. It is not conducive to soil biological and microbial activities, affecting the degradation of organic matter in the soil and the transformation of nutrients, resulting in poor soil. Even if we use more fertilizer, the crops will not be absorbed.
Soil degradation causes of
1. It is easy to weed and cause a lot of use of herbicides.
2. No or little use of organic fertilizers results in a decrease in soil organic matter content (the organic matter content of Jiaodong Orchard is less than 1.2%). The reduction of organic matter results in: first, the reduction and destruction of the aggregate structure; second, the reduction of microorganisms in the soil, limited activity, affecting the transformation of nutrients.
3. The long-term use of chemical fertilizers, especially the excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer; the increase of nitrogen supply of microorganisms in the soil, the corresponding consumption of carbon increased by 25, the carbon consumed is derived from soil organic matter. The decrease in organic matter content affects the activity of microorganisms, thereby affecting the formation of soil aggregate structure and leading to soil compaction.
4. Unbalanced fertilization, especially the lack of trace elements, causes soil to be barren.
Prevention and Control Method
1. Turn over the soil once a year, do not use herbicides; use organic fertilizer (including decomposed manure), use a good biological fertilizer every year; scientifically and rationally balance fertilization, NPK fertilizer, calcium fertilizer, trace element fertilizer Use in moderation.
2. Free deep-fertilization (large-expanded fruit + deep-plowing, deep-plowing deep-plowing) twice a year, 18-40 kg/mu, to solve soil compaction, activate soil, increase the activity of biological bacteria, improve soil permeability, improve fertilizer and water use efficiency .
3. If there is a problem with the roots of the fruit trees, try rooting products + fungicides (rooted roots, roots, roots + more effects, carbendazim or root rot, etc.) to kill harmful bacteria and proliferate new roots. Methods Each plant was filled with 400 g of rooting product + fungicide with water of 30 kg; for serious fruit trees, it was necessary to climb the soil, remove the decaying roots, and then root the same method; use once or twice.
4. Pay attention to the rational use of fully water-soluble fertilizers (use period, method of use, variety).
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