Method of planting winter melon in greenhouse:
First, choose the right variety
It is advisable to choose early-maturing, stress-resistant and abundance products in greenhouse cultivation of winter melon. Most of the early-maturing varieties have short internodes and small fruit types, and the first female flower has a low birth position and early results. Winter melon is light and heat-resistant. When the temperature is lower than 15 °C during flowering, it is easy to cause poor pollination and difficult fruit setting. Therefore, it is the key to choose the variety that is cold resistant.
Second, cultivate strong seedlings
1, suitable sowing
According to the test, the best sowing date of greenhouse melon in our county is from late November to early December. Too early, the low temperature in winter is not conducive to its pollination and fruit set, too late, can not reach the purpose of the morning market, affecting the benefits. Because of the thick skin and slow water absorption, melon seeds should be boiled in hot water and soaked in warm water before sowing. The method is as follows: the melon seeds are wrapped with clean gauze, quickly immersed in boiling water, taken out immediately, repeated 3-5 times, washed with cold water, put into warm water of about 55 ° C, stirred and immersed for 24 hours, removed and washed. The germination is carried out at 30-33 ° C, the germination can be carried out in 48 hours, and the germinated seeds are inserted into the prepared seedbed or nutrient bowl.
2. Seedling management
Winter melon seedlings require higher temperature growth. The temperature in the greenhouse should be controlled at 25-30 °C during the day and 13-16 °C during the night to be suitable for growth. It is necessary to water the soil frequently and keep the soil dry and wet. It is very important to promote the stability and longevity of the seedlings. Generally, no fertilization is required in the seedling stage. If yellow seedlings occur due to insufficient base fertilizer, 1.5% urea solution can be sprayed on the foliage. Pay attention to the prevention and control of aphids in the seedling stage. When the seedling age reaches 40-50 days and grows to 4-5 true leaves, it can be transplanted.
Third, site preparation
1. Soil preparation and fertilization
In order to prevent the occurrence of soil-borne diseases, it should be selected as a non-melon crop to gargle, soil requirements are loose, fertile, and irrigation and drainage are convenient. Before planting, deep-plowing and fine-grazing, the first mu of cooked organic fertilizer 4000-5000 kg, 50 kg of superphosphate, 15 kg of potassium sulfate.
2, colonization
According to the row spacing of 100 cm or 85 cm, the planting ditch is planted at the same distance, and the seedlings are watered at a distance of 25 cm or 30 cm, respectively, and then sealed into a width of 30 cm and a height of 15 cm and a half-height ridge. The planting density is about 2,500. After planting, watering, covering the ground film, taking a small arch shed, and closing the shed for 3-5 days. Fourth, post-plant management
3. Temperature. During the seedling period, the temperature is controlled at 25-28 °C during the daytime, and at 13-16 °C during the nighttime. The flowering period is controlled at 30-33 °C during the day and 15 °C during the night. Otherwise, it will affect the pollination fruit.
4, fertilizer water. After planting, apply 2-3 times with thin manure to promote its long length. The vine is poured once a year. During the fruit setting period, when the fruit grows to the size of the fist, the fruit fertilizer is applied once, and 15 kg of urea per acre is applied, which can be infiltrated with the water film.
5, the shelf. The scaffolding was carried out at the beginning of the vine. There are three types of flat frame, fence frame and arch frame. Most of the sheds in the shed use the 'door' type flat frame. The frame material can be taken from the tree sticks, bamboo poles, etc., and the height is 65-80 cm. The frame surface is tied with bamboo poles, generally 1 ridge.
6, tied to the vine. After planting for 25-30 days, the vines can be put on the shelves. After the shelves, the vines are tied with ropes every 20-30 cm, and the vines are removed to remove the side branches, tendrils and excess female flowers.
7, pollination. Early-maturing melon has small causal fruit, and each plant can retain 2-3 fruits to increase yield. In general, the first melon is poorly developed, and most of the melons are selected. In order to increase the fruit setting rate, artificial pollination can be used. At the flowering stage, 100 mg/kg of 2,4-D can be used to prevent falling flowers and fruit, and large melon should be used for hanging melons.
8, prevention and treatment of insects. If powdery mildew or anthrax occurs, it can be controlled with 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 800-1000 times solution; blight can be controlled with 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution. If aphids occur, they can be treated with 40% omethoate 1000 times solution.
Third, timely harvest
Winter melon can be picked early. In the middle and late April, when the fruit hair falls off, the skin color becomes old, and the cortex begins to harden, the fruit stalks are taken together, and then fertilized, watered, vine, pollinated, and generally one per plant. fruit.
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