In recent years, with the improvement of farmers' economic level and productivity, the planting area of ​​tea trees has shown a gradually expanding development trend. Traditional tea planting can not meet people's demand for tea, and the quality of tea tree varieties and advanced breeding techniques are lacking. It has greatly affected the sustainable development of tea gardens.
1. Nursery materials and methods
1.1 Material selection
The types of tea garden cuttings include: Yunkang No. 10, Xueyan No. 100, Foxiang No. 3-3, Zijuan, Xiaofeng, Yungui, Longleaf Bailu and other varieties, preparing seedling greenhouses, spraying equipment and rooting powder.
1.2 seedling method
1.2.1 Incubation of substrate treatment. The matrix is ​​selected from river sand or vermiculite to ensure that the selected matrix particles are suitable and uniform in size. 10% glyphosate 100 times solution was sprayed onto the bauxite of the cultivated tea seedlings, and after 2 days, 70% of the methyl thiophanate-methyl WP was sprayed onto the bauxite. The cultivating bauxite was soiled and treated to a depth of about 25-30 cm, and then 70% of the methyl thiophanate WP 1000 times was sprayed onto the bauxite. After one day, the bauxite was finished and leveled.
1.2.2 Cutting test. In theory, tea cutting can be carried out all year round, but the survival rate of cutting tea seedlings will be affected by temperature and light time. Therefore, according to the natural growth law of tea, the cutting test is selected from June to September. After cutting the tea branch, use the spray equipment such as drip irrigation, micro-spray irrigation, micro-spraying water belt to manage the tea seedlings, and make full use of natural resources such as light, water, air and heat to create a near-natural growth environment for the tea seedlings and improve Tea seedlings adapt to the environment and stress resistance. Rooting powder can promote the rooting of plants, and the rooting powder is made into a solution with concentrations of 10mg/L, 25mg/L, 55mg/L, and 100mg/L respectively. The same type of tea tree cuttings are divided into 4 equal parts, and the roots are respectively divided. Immerse in 4 concentrations of rooting powder solution for 0.5h. After the cutting, the rooting condition of the tea seedlings was observed. The survival of the tea seedlings was recorded at 25 days and 45 days. The number of tea seedlings after 200 days was recorded. The length and dry weight of the new long tea shoots, the number of roots and the length were averaged. Comparison.
1.2.3 Analysis. It was observed that the tea seedlings grew best after infiltration with a 25 mg/L rooting powder solution. At this concentration, the roots produced by Longjing 43 and Jinyu are thicker and stronger, forming a root net. The average length of roots is longer, and the survival rate is 65% and 67%, while the growth of Zhongcha 108, Longjing 43, and Baiqian is relatively Inferior.
2. Factors affecting the growth of tea seedlings
2.1 Matrix selection and processing
In this experiment, a suitable size and uniformity of river sand or vermiculite was used as the cultivation substrate for tea seedling cultivation. The cultivation of tea seedlings through such a substrate can significantly reduce the cultivation time of tea seedlings and the input of manpower and material resources, and alleviate the contradiction that may be caused by less labor and less soil resources when the tea seedlings are cultivated. The use of vermiculite or river sand can isolate the cultivated bauxite from various bacteria. The bacteria in the soil will not pollute the tea seedlings, and the interstitial space is small and the air and water circulation is good, which is the base of the tea seedling cuttings. Provides a good growth environment and improves the survival rate of tea seedlings. Moreover, the substrate can be used repeatedly, which largely saves the cost of tea seedling cultivation. The tea seedlings grown on this substrate have a large number of roots, developed roots and thick, and the maximum length is up to 15 cm, and the survival rate is significantly higher than that of the soil.
2.2 incubation time
The most vigorous growth time of tea seedlings is from May to July. During this time period, tea seedling cutting can not only reduce artificial input, but also harvest spring tea. In this experiment, the tea seedlings began to take root 25 days after the summer cutting. In the study of autumn insertion, rooting began 40 days after cutting, and the rooting time was significantly longer than that of summer insertion. The main reason was that the summer temperature was suitable, and the cutting incision had strong healing ability and could recover in a short time. In summer, the rooting rate of tea seedlings in June was greater than that in August, and the rooting rate of tea seedlings was the lowest in July. The main reason was that the temperature in July was too high, which affected the growth of cuttings. After half a year, the height of tea seedlings cut in June reached 18-25cm, the number of leaves reached 7 or more, the stem of tea tree was 0.2cm thick, the root coefficient was large, and the average length was more than 4cm, which reached the standard of cockroach. The survival rate and exit rate of summer insertion will be affected by the temperature. If there is no good management of the tea stalk, and the control of the temperature and humidity of the samovar is lacking, the survival rate of the tea seedlings will be high in the environment of high temperature and water shortage. The amplitude is reduced. In summer insertion, the survival rate and exit rate in June were higher than in July and August. The main reason was that it entered early summer in June, and the land temperature and humidity were suitable, suitable for the growth of cutting roots, and the temperature was too high in July. The evaporation of water greatly reduces the quality of the growth environment of the tea seedlings, which in turn affects the roots of the cuttings. During summer cutting, due to the short time required for rooting, the tea farmers' management time for tea seedlings is shorter than that of autumn, and it is possible to cultivate tea seedlings with good growth in a short period of time, which has high economic benefits.
2.3 full light spray cutting technology
The full-light spray cutting technique mainly combines the growth rules of tea seedling rooting, and uses natural light, heat, water and air to promote its growth. The cutting technicians monitored the rooting of tea seedlings in the cutting process in real time, studied the growth habits of cuttings, accurately grasped the temperature, air volume, heat and water required for cutting growth, and applied advanced computer science techniques on this basis. And related mechanical equipment, artificial control of the environment of the tea nursery, so that the growth environment of the tea seedlings reaches the most suitable state to promote the growth of tea seedlings. In this technology, there are many disciplines involved, including biotechnology, modern materials technology, and automation control technology. In the nursery, a micro-pipe system is laid, and the spray head can be sprayed to ensure uniform soil moisture and provide a good environment for cutting roots. The application of this technology weakens the influence of natural conditions on the growth of tea seedlings, reduces the temperature and light intensity, and the tea seedlings can directly carry out photosynthesis, providing sufficient carbohydrates for the growth of tea seedlings, and promoting the survival and growth of tea seedlings. Compared with the traditional cutting propagation technology, the full-light spray cutting technology can provide a more suitable growth environment for the tea seedlings, thereby greatly improving the survival rate of the tea seedlings, and the technology can be applied on a large scale, which greatly reduces the tea seedlings. Increasing input costs. The full-light spray cutting technique improves the survival rate of the cuttings of the four season tea trees, making the cuttings more prone to rooting, the growing roots are longer and more robust, and the time for cultivating the tea seedlings is shorter and has higher economic benefits.
2.4 rooting powder concentration
1g rooting powder can process 4,500 cuttings. In this experiment, the applied rooting powder concentration is 10mg/L, 25mg/L, 55mg/L, 100mg/L, and the rooting solution of tea tree cuttings is 25mg/L rooting powder solution. Infiltration for 0.5 h, the time required for rooting is the shortest, and the survival rate of tea seedlings is the largest. The optimum concentration for tea seedling cultivation should be 25 mg/L.
It takes a long time for traditional short-stem cutting to cultivate tea seedlings, and tea farmers need to spend a lot of manpower and material resources to manage tea seedlings. The management projects are numerous and cumbersome, and the economic benefits obtained are poor. By selecting the appropriate substrate, drug concentration, cutting time and management technology, the cultivation efficiency of tea seedlings can be greatly improved, and the input of manpower and material resources can be reduced, thereby improving economic benefits.
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