At present, the grape has been flowering, which is a crucial period for preventing and controlling grape black pox disease. The symptoms of different disease sites are as follows: the young fruit is susceptible, the surface produces dark brown dots, and then expands into a central grayish white, dark brown halo lesion on the edge, which is "bird's eye" shape, and later hardened and cracked. The diseased department is only on the peel, not deep and flesh. The onset of cob causes dysplasia or even death of whole or some spikelets. The disease of the fruit stem can cause the fruit to dry out or become rigid. The new shoots produce gray-black edges, purple-brown lesions, cracks in the central depression, and die in severe cases. The lesions in the central gray-white purple-brown halo appeared in the leaves, and the central part dried up into holes. The degree of onset of different environmental conditions is as follows: When the grapes begin to sprout and spread, the disease begins to appear. In spring and early summer, the temperature rises and rains, and the onset begins. At 28-30 °C, there is often rainfall and humidity, and the plant grows a lot of green tissue, and the incidence reaches a peak. There are many rains in spring and early summer, and the incidence is heavy. In the drought years or in the rainy areas, the incidence is significantly reduced; the terrain is low, the poorly-distributed orchard is seriously affected; the poor cultivation and management, the weak tree, the lack of fertilizer or improper cooperation can induce disease. In the winter, the unclear garden or the Qingyuan Garden is not complete, and a large number of sick bodies remain in the park.
Technical points for prevention and control: Spray the spray every 10-15 days after the grape leaves are displayed until the fruit is colored. Among them, spraying is most important before spraying and 70%-80% of flowering. Because of the susceptibility to fruit during this time, the incidence rate is the highest. The medicament may be 1:0.7:200-240 Bordeaux mixture, 65% sensible zinc wettable powder 500-600 times solution, 50% carbendazim WP 1000 times solution or 75% chlorothalonil WP 600 times solution. Mancozeb 600 times solution, 1.5% polymycins 800 times better against black pox. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen management. Topdressing should use whole fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements to avoid separate and excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer. It is necessary to do a good job of drainage after rain to prevent water accumulation in the orchard. Weeding in the line, picking up the vines, etc. should be done in a timely manner.
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