At present, there are several ways to adopt more cornices: in the annual variety arrangement, ryegrass + Sudan grass + ryegrass, ryegrass + Mexican corn + ryegrass are used. In the planting area arrangement, it is determined by estimating the forage yield and the stocking amount of herbivorous fish, but the ratio of planting area to water surface is generally set at 0.2 to 0.3:1. For areas with low planting levels and low yields, the area of ​​pasture can be slightly increased. In the proportion arrangement of each species, it is mainly to look at the number of old and small mouths of herbivorous fish. If there are many old fish species, the ryegrass planting area (autumn sowing) is slightly larger than the spring sowing varieties such as Sudan grass. On the contrary, the area of ​​spring sowing varieties with more larvae should be more than the autumn sowing varieties. In this way, the yield of pasture can be adapted to the feeding ability and food intake of herbivorous fish.
Second, sowing cultivation
Sudan grass generally starts to be planted from February to March, and about 2.6 square meters (1 mu) of grass seeds are about 2.5 kilograms, which can be used for on-demand or strip. The yield of transplanted seedlings was more than 2 times higher than that of on-demand. On-demand, more than 10 capsules per hole, the distance between the holes is 18 to 25 cm; the depth of the groove is 1 to 2 cm, and the line spacing is 18 to 25 cm. When the grass grows to 4 seedlings, the transplanting starts, the plant spacing is 6 cm × 6 cm, 4 to 6 per plant. After sowing, it can be poured with 100 kg of manure per 667 square meters. Harvesting began in May, and each time it was harvested, 200-250 kg of manure was applied per 667 square meters, and 8-10 times in one year, with an annual output of 7500-8000 kg. Ryegrass was sown in early September after the beginning of autumn, and 1 kg of grass seeds were planted per 667 square meters. It can be broadcasted, the ditch depth is 2~3 cm, and the line spacing is 20 cm evenly spread, covering the thin soil. When the seedlings grow to 4 leaves, they are transplanted. The distance between each row is 6-7 cm, and each row is 7-8. Ryegrass began to harvest in October. After each harvest, 300-400 kg of manure per 667 square meters or 5-10 kg of urea can be harvested 8 to 10 times, and fresh grass can reach more than 7500 kg per 667 square meters. For some varieties, such as Mexican corn, it is better to use the on-demand method, and then gradually remove the seedlings after emergence. It is best not to use the transplanting method, because the seedlings return to green after transplanting for a long time, if the weather is not normal, it will also reduce the survival rate of the seedlings, resulting in lack of seedlings. In order to plant and transplant time early, it is also possible to adopt a greenhouse seedling transplanting method commonly used in vegetable cultivation. In short, when using different seeding and planting methods, it is necessary to determine the appropriate method according to the different characteristics of the forage species and their own techniques.
Third, harvesting and utilization of
The purpose of planting forage grass is to use its stems and leaves to feed the fish, and it must be properly and timely used. Therefore, in the harvesting and utilization, we must balance the yield and the availability of eucalyptus leaves, not only to prevent premature cutting and over-frequency reduction of yield, but also to pay attention to the high yield, the plants are too tall, the stems and leaves are aging and not easy to be fish. use. Different varieties and harvesting time, the height at the time of harvesting is different. For example, when the first harvest of ryegrass, the height of the plant is not more than 50 cm, and the height of the harvest is controlled to about 70 cm. The first use of Sudan grass and Mexican corn is 60 cm in height and should not exceed 1 m in the future. Other varieties, such as millet grass, bitter leeks, sorghum, and pennisetum, must also master this principle when harvesting and utilizing. In general, high-stalk forages (such as dwarf grass, imperial grass, grass, etc.) can be cut at a height of at least 1 m, and the forage forage is generally 90%. The stolons that have been rooted in the soil shall not be cut off. Some varieties cannot be harvested on rainy days to prevent rain from entering the stems and causing rotten roots such as Sudan grass. At the time of harvesting, each variety is required to have a height of several centimeters to facilitate regeneration. After harvesting, timely topdressing. Second, it is strictly forbidden to use rusting tools to cut green. The spread of rust in feed is often caused by the use of rusty tools. Third, the feed input should be scientific, and the forage should be scheduled, qualitative, and quantitative. The quantity and quality of the feed should be determined according to the size and quantity of the fish.
Fourth, the method of increasing the production of fish forage grass
In general, for livestock pasture, various fertilizers and human and animal manure can be used for top dressing, but the fish are most sensitive to nitrogen fertilizer, and more nitrogen fertilizer can be used to increase the yield. In addition, according to the results of many years of experiments conducted by our station, the high-stalk forage and alfalfa forage grass intercropping, the grass yield is 20% to 30% higher than the single grass species.
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