Calcium sulfate is also called gypsum. It has two water and anhydrous parts. The molecular formula is CaSO4·2H2O and CaSO4. In the traditional industry, calcium sulphate is mainly used in the construction industry. The raw gypsum is mainly calcined into semi-aqueous or anhydrous gypsum, and a certain proportion of water is added during use to form a gel material. With the continuous research on calcium sulfate (gypsum), it has been found that calcium sulfate can also play a big role in the breeding industry through feed addition.
Calcium sulphate is mainly used as a calcium source and a sulfur source for animal consumption in the feed, supplementing the deficiency of calcium and sulfur. Like poultry in the laying period, moulting and other animal growth, long hair period, the demand for calcium source is more, the availability of sufficient calcium source has a corresponding increase in animal growth and other aspects; calcium sulfate as an inorganic sulfur source was Animal use reduces the supplement of sulfur as a source of protein. In addition to this, calcium sulfate also has the function of preventing some diseases.
Calcium sulphate is generally recommended to use calcium sulphate dihydrate (gypsum) in feeds, but calcium sulphate hemihydrate (plaster gypsum) is recommended for aggregates used in fish feed.
1, the application of calcium sulfate in poultry aquaculture
Calcium sulphate (gypsum) can also be used as a feed additive in poultry aquaculture. Its role can be reflected in the following aspects:
(1) feeding the laying hens
1 increase the egg production rate. The raw gypsum is ground into a fine powder, which is fed at a ratio of 1.0% to 1.5% of the diet, or 0.5 to 3.0 grams per chicken per day. Any chicken can be fed ad libitum, which can increase the egg production rate by more than 12%.
2 accelerate the moulting. During natural moulting or artificial moulting, adding gypsum as described above can accelerate feather growth and shorten moulting time. 
(2) feeding long-haired rabbit
Each day, 0.5 g of raw gypsum powder was added to the diet, and the rabbits were fed ad libitum. The rabbit hair can be increased by about 20%, and the quality and grade of the rabbit hair are also significantly improved, from the third grade hair to the second grade hair.
(3) feeding piglets
Adding 1.5% raw gypsum powder to the piglet diet can increase the piglet weight by about 6 kg and save feed.
(4) Aquaculture
The main application in aquaculture is that calcium sulphate is mainly plaster of Paris. On the one hand, plaster of Paris can be used as the aggregate of fish food. On the other hand, the effect of soil ammonia made from plaster of Paris is better than that of commercially available ammonia. And cost savings, green security.
Raw gypsum is used less in aquaculture, mainly as a processing material for cryopreservation of crab and shrimp. The principle of gypsum can inhibit neurological stress to a certain extent, reduce vascular permeability, and thus inhibit crab and shrimp. Activity. It can also be used as a raw material for eggshell feed.
(5) Other breeding
Plaster can be used as an additive for adding chicken manure feed, but it is also necessary to pay attention to the proper addition of antibiotics such as oxytetracycline and salt, baking soda and other food additives when feeding chicken manure. In addition, regular use of levamisole, trichlorfon and other drugs for deworming, generally poultry once a month, pigs, cattle and sheep, etc. once a month. In addition, in the first half of the month before the livestock, poultry and fish are sold, it is necessary to stop feeding chicken manure to prevent the quality of the meat from being lowered.
2, calcium sulfate in the breeding industry disease prevention and control function
Calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum) Xingan, Dahan, there is heat and diarrhea, in addition to annoying thirst, especially longer than Qingqiu gas. The summer temperature is high, so the proper addition of a certain amount of raw gypsum in the feed can inhibit the nerve stress reaction, reduce the vascular permeability, and have anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects. In addition, gypsum also has obvious effects in the prevention and treatment of some diseases of poultry, mainly have the following effects.
(1) Prevention and treatment of infectious bursal disease. Due to the large amount of excretion of urate, the chicken suffers from dehydration and calcium deficiency. If it cannot be replenished in time, then the sick chicken will often fall to the ground, not eat or drink, and die. In the treatment, high-yellow yolk antibody is used for intramuscular injection. Although it is effective, some chickens are highly deficient in calcium, which makes the neuromuscular excitability lower, and they can not afford to sleep, even coma. They are mistaken for the toxic side effects of yolk antibodies. In fact, this is The sequela of the disease. You can use a single-gypsum gypsum to mix at a ratio of 2%, or 3 g of a young chicken/feed, and even if you feed for 3 days, you can recover. If you can't stand, you should help you eat. If treated with traditional Chinese medicine, it will be added with gypsum powder, which not only has quick effect, high cure rate, but also does not leave sequelae.
(2) Prevention and control of feathers. The cockroach feather is a common glutinous cockroach in the group. The reason is mostly due to the lack of sulfur-containing amino acids in the feed. If it can be fed with 1% to 2% gypsum powder in time, it not only supplements sulfur, promotes protein synthesis, but also reduces the excitability of chicken brain, which can quickly curb the development of cockroaches.
(3) Prevention and treatment of cage fatigue during laying period. Especially in the peak of egg production, the demand for calcium increases, and the feed can not be supplemented with calcium in time, which can not meet the needs of high yield. The chickens show a decrease in egg production, an increase in soft shells and thin shell eggs, and chicken body spasms. After the occurrence of this disease, 0.5% to 1% gypsum powder is added to the original calcium amount, and supplemented with vitamin AD3 powder to supplement calcium, which is better than the method of increasing bone powder and shell powder content, which supplements calcium and Conducive to the synthesis of eggshell matrix.
(4) Prevention and treatment of E. coli disease. Gypsum has the characteristics of sore muscles. In the treatment of colibacillosis, the use of antibiotics or other drugs, while adding appropriate amount of gypsum powder in the feed, can promote the elimination and healing of inflammatory lesions in the intestines and organs, and accelerate the recovery of the body.
(5) Anti-heat stress. The raw gypsum has the function of clearing heat and cooling blood. Therefore, in the hot season in summer, feeding the chicken with the mixture can effectively alleviate the heat stress and reduce the harm.
(6) Calcium sulfate (gypsum) as a contraindication to the use of drugs. The use of tetracycline antibiotics, such as tetracycline, oxytetracycline, etc., should avoid feeding soybeans, black beans and their cakes, and should not feed feed additives such as limestone powder, bone meal, eggshell powder and gypsum. Because such feed and feed additives contain more elements such as calcium and magnesium, they combine with tetracyclines to form a complex that is insoluble in water and difficult to absorb.
3, the application status and use prospects of calcium sulfate in feed
(1) According to the “Catalogue of Feed Additives (2008)†published by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China (No. 1126) on December 11, 2008, calcium sulfate is officially used as a binder, anti-caking agent and stabilizer. Listed in the list of feed additives. All nutritive feed additives and general feed additives produced, operated and used shall belong to the varieties specified in the Catalogue (2008), and the production enterprises of feed additives shall handle the production license and product approval number.
(2) In addition to natural gypsum, there are a large number of industrial by-product gypsum, such as desulfurization gypsum, phosphogypsum, citrate gypsum, etc., although these by-product gypsum is sulfuric acid in calcium sulfate and natural gypsum. There is no difference in calcium, but all of them contain a lot of heavy metals such as lead, arsenic and cadmium. These heavy metals not only endanger the growth of the animals themselves, but also are not easily eliminated in animals. Livestock that consume such additives also have an adverse effect on the human body. Industrial by-product gypsum should be strictly prohibited in feed.
(3) In today's life, people's living standards are increasing day by day, and the quality of life is also quite high. The demand for meat food is also increasing, but the safety of meat food is worrying. The residual problems caused by the over-range use of various antibiotics and the excessive use of veterinary drugs make people love and fear meat products, so it is necessary to vigorously strengthen the research and development of green and safe livestock drugs. Since calcium sulfate (gypsum) is a natural ore, it can be used only after simple processing such as selection and grinding. It does not require chemical synthesis, and the residual problem is avoided to some extent. And after years of application practice, it is proved to be safe for animals and human body. Therefore, the research and development of calcium sulfate (gypsum) in the aquaculture industry should be strengthened, and the standard and the scope of its use should be expanded.
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